Category: ESL Activities: Ideas & Materials

Having the right ESL activities prepared will empower you to engage your students and deliver lessons which are effective and fun. We’ve collected and put together all the ideas we could find. Just select those you want to use, and incorporate them into your lesson plans.

  • Mastering Conditionals: A Comprehensive Guide for ESL Teachers

    Mastering Conditionals: A Comprehensive Guide for ESL Teachers

    Are you looking for a way to spice up your lessons on conditionals? In this guide, we’ll dive into the world of conditionals: with a comprehensive breakdown of each type of conditional, along with creative ideas and activities to help your students master these tricky sentences. 

    So, grab a cup of coffee, sit back, and let’s get started on this exciting journey through the land of conditionals! 

    Zero Conditional

    The zero conditional is used to express general facts, scientific truths, or situations that are always true. Both the condition (if-clause) and the result refer to the present time.

    Structure: If + present simple, present simple

    Examples:

    • If you heat water to 100 °C, it boils.
    • If you don’t eat, you feel hungry.
    • If the sun is out, it’s a sunny day.

    Practice activities

    • Have students write sentences about natural laws or universal truths using the zero conditional.
    • Give them prompts like “water” or “gravity” and ask them to create zero conditional sentences.
    • Quiz them by providing the “if” part and having them complete the “result” part, or vice versa.

    First Conditional

    The first conditional talks about real possibilities and their likely results in the present or future. The condition is in the present tense, and the result is in the future tense.

    Structure: If + present simple, will/can/may + infinitive

    Examples:

    • If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
    • If it rains later, we can stay inside and watch a movie.
    • If you don’t hurry, you may miss the bus.

    Practice activities

    • Ask students to share their plans or intentions using the first conditional.
    • Give them hypothetical situations and have them express the possible consequences using first conditionals.
    • Role-play activities where students have to respond to different scenarios using first conditional sentences.

    Second Conditional

    The second conditional is used to discuss hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present or future and their potential consequences. The condition is in the past tense, and the result is in the present conditional.

    Structure: If + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive

    Examples:

    • If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
    • If she were a famous singer, she could perform in front of thousands of people.
    • If I had more time, I might take up a new hobby.

    Practice activities

    • Have students share their dreams, wishes, or imaginary scenarios using second conditional sentences.
    • Give them prompts like “if you were a millionaire” or “if you could have any superpower” and have them respond using the second conditional.
    • Role-play activities where students have to express hypothetical situations and their consequences.

    Third Conditional

    The third conditional is used to talk about hypothetical situations in the past and their imaginary results or consequences. Both the condition and the result refer to the past.

    Structure: If + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle

    Examples:

    • If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
    • If she hadn’t been late, she could have caught the train.
    • If you had told me earlier, I might have been able to help.

    Practice activities

    • Ask students to share regrets or missed opportunities using the third conditional.
    • Give them prompts like “if you had worked harder” or “if you hadn’t forgotten” and have them complete the sentences.
    • Have them write short stories or narratives using third conditional sentences to express how things could have been different.

    Mixed Conditionals

    Mixed conditionals combine different types of conditionals in one sentence. There are two common combinations:

    3rd/2nd Mixed Conditional

    This combination uses the third conditional for the condition and the second conditional for the result. It expresses how a hypothetical situation in the past could have led to a different outcome in the present.

    Structure: If + past perfect, would/could/might + infinitive

    Examples:

    • If I had taken that job, I would be living in a different city now.
    • If you had studied abroad, you could be fluent in another language.
    • If she hadn’t missed the train, she might be at the meeting right now.

    2nd/3rd Mixed Conditional

    This combination uses the second conditional for the condition and the third conditional for the result. It expresses how a hypothetical situation in the present could have led to a different outcome in the past.

    Structure: If + past simple/were, would/could/might + have + past participle

    Examples:

    • If I were more organized, I would have finished the project on time.
    • If you had better time management skills, you could have achieved more by now.
    • If she were braver, she might have taken that opportunity last year.

    Practice Activities

    • Provide examples of mixed conditionals and have students identify the different conditional types used.
    • Give them prompts or scenarios and ask them to create mixed conditional sentences.
    • Have them write short stories or narratives using mixed conditionals to express how past situations could have led to different present outcomes, or how present characteristics could have changed past results.
    • Ask students to share regrets about the past that affect their present (3rd/2nd), or personal characteristics that would have changed past outcomes (2nd/3rd).

    Find a long list with mixed conditional conversation questions here.

    Common Mistakes in Using Conditionals and How to Address Them 

    When teaching conditionals, you may encounter some common mistakes and challenges that your students face. Here are a few to watch out for and some strategies to help overcome them:

    Mixing up the verb tenses and structures for different conditional types

    To address this, provide plenty of examples and counterexamples to highlight the differences between conditional types. For instance, contrast a first conditional sentence like “If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home” with a second conditional sentence like “If it rained tomorrow, I would stay home” to emphasize the tense differences.

    Forming the past perfect tense correctly for third conditionals

    Spend extra time practicing this tense and provide examples like “If I had studied harder (had studied), I would have passed the exam.” Encourage students to practice forming past perfect sentences regularly.

    Confusing the use of “would” and “will” in conditional sentences

    Explain that “would” is used for hypothetical situations (second and third conditionals), while “will” expresses future possibility (first conditional). Give examples like “If I won the lottery, I would buy a house” (hypothetical) versus “If I save enough money, I will buy a house” (future possibility).

    Understanding the nuances between real and hypothetical situations 

    Relate the conditionals to their own lives and experiences. Ask them to provide examples of real, probable situations they might express with first conditionals. Then, have them make those situations hypothetical or imaginary by rephrasing them as second or third conditionals. Connecting the concept to their personal contexts makes the distinction more tangible.

    Understanding the nuances between the time frames

    Use timelines or visuals to illustrate the time frames associated with each conditional. For instance, show that first conditionals refer to the present or future, while third conditionals refer to the past.

    Overusing certain conditional structures and not varying their usage can also be a challenge

    Expose students to a variety of contexts and situations where different conditionals are used. For example, use second conditionals for expressing wishes or dreams, and third conditionals for regrets or missed opportunities.

    Finally

    Provide feedback on their mistakes and provide opportunities for correction and reinforcement. Encourage them to practice using conditionals in their writing and speaking, and offer constructive feedback to help them improve.

    Browse our directory of grammar worksheets.

    Teaching Conditionals Through Real-World Applications

    While conditionals may seem like a purely grammatical concept, they are actually deeply rooted in our everyday communication and thought processes. Being able to effectively use conditionals is an invaluable skill that will serve your students well in various real-world situations.

    In professional settings, conditionals are commonly used to discuss hypothetical scenarios, contingency plans, or potential outcomes. For example, in a business meeting, one might say, “If we increase our marketing budget, we could potentially reach a wider customer base.” Or in a job interview, a candidate might be asked, “If you were faced with a difficult client, how would you handle the situation?”

    In personal relationships and social interactions, conditionals help us express wishes, regrets, and imagined situations. For instance, a friend might say, “If I had studied harder in college, I could have pursued a different career path.” Or a parent might use a conditional to teach a lesson: “If you had cleaned your room like I asked, you wouldn’t have lost your favorite toy.”

    Even in casual conversations, conditionals are frequently used to explore possibilities, make suggestions, or offer advice. “If you’re looking for a good restaurant, I would recommend the new Italian place downtown.” Or, “If I were you, I would consider taking a vacation this summer.”

    By providing your students with real-world examples and encouraging them to use conditionals in their own conversations and writing, you’ll be equipping them with a valuable communication tool that will serve them well in various aspects of their lives.

    Read our comprehensive guide on teaching grammar to ESL students.

    Creative Classroom Activities to Practice Conditionals

    To help your students truly master conditionals, it’s important to incorporate engaging and interactive activities into your lessons. Here are some creative ideas to try:

    Role-playing and Scenario-based Exercises

    • Have students role-play different scenarios that require the use of conditionals. For example, one student could be a customer at a restaurant, and the other could be the server. They would need to use conditionals to discuss hypothetical situations, such as “If you were to order the steak, how would you like it cooked?”
    • Create hypothetical scenarios and have students respond using the appropriate conditional. For instance, “You just won a million dollars. What would you do if you had that much money?”

    Writing Prompts and Storytelling

    • Provide writing prompts that encourage students to use conditionals. For example, “If you could travel back in time, where would you go and why?”
    • Have students write short stories or narratives using a specific conditional type. For instance, they could write a story about a regret or missed opportunity using third conditionals.

    Games and Interactive Quizzes

    • Play conditional sentence completion games, where one student starts a conditional sentence, and the next student has to complete it correctly.
    • Create interactive quizzes or activities using tools like Kahoot or Quizlet, where students have to identify the correct conditional type or complete conditional sentences.

    Group Discussions and Debates

    • Facilitate group discussions or debates around hypothetical situations or controversial topics, encouraging students to use conditionals to express their opinions and perspectives.
    • Have students research and present on different topics using conditionals. For example, they could discuss how the world might be different if a particular historical event had not occurred.

    Find more tips on how to teach conversation classes for adults here.

    Conclusion

    Mastering conditionals is a crucial step for your ESL students, and with the right approach, you can make this journey engaging and effective. Break down the concepts, address common challenges, and incorporate interactive activities to keep your lessons lively. Encourage real-world applications and provide ample practice opportunities.

    With your guidance and a touch of creativity, your students will gain confidence in using conditionals to express hypothetical situations, regrets, and possibilities in English. Wishing you all the best as you navigate the world of conditionals in your classroom!

  • 35 Social Media ESL Conversation Questions for Speaking Practice (PDF)

    35 Social Media ESL Conversation Questions for Speaking Practice (PDF)

    Are you looking for social media ESL conversation questions to inspire meaningful discussions in your classroom?
    This set of 35 thought-provoking prompts helps students practice speaking, writing, and sharing opinions about one of today’s most relevant topics — social media.

    As social media continues to shape how we communicate and connect, it’s essential for English learners to feel confident discussing it in English. These engaging questions will get your students talking, thinking critically, and using real-world vocabulary in every lesson.

    The Social Media Conversation Questions

    1. What is social media? How would you define it?
    2. What are some examples of social media platforms? Which are most popular in your country?
    3. Why do you think social media has become such a big part of people’s lives?
    4. How has social media changed the way people communicate and interact?
    5. What are some positive aspects of social media? What are some negative aspects?
    6. Do you think social media brings people closer together or drives them apart?
    7. How do you think social media will evolve in the future? What new features or platforms might emerge?
    8. Do you think people spend too much time on social media these days? Why or why not?
    9. Should there be an age limit for using social media? At what age should people be allowed to start using it?
    10. How has social media impacted traditional forms of media like newspapers and TV?
    11. Do you believe social media plays a role in the spread of fake news and misinformation? What can be done about this issue?
    12. Should schools teach students about social media literacy and how to use it responsibly?
    13. Which social media apps do you use most often? Why do you like them?
    14. How much time do you typically spend on social media each day? Do you think it’s too much, too little, or just right?
    15. What kind of content do you usually post on social media? Photos, videos, status updates, stories?
    16. Have you ever made a friend or met someone special through social media?
    17. Do you follow any celebrities, influencers, or public figures on social media? Who are your favorites?
    18. Has anything you’ve seen on social media ever inspired you to try something new or change your perspective?
    19. How has social media affected people’s self-esteem and body image, especially among youth?
    20. What role does social media play in activism and social movements? Can it be an effective tool for creating change?
    21. What are some emerging trends or future possibilities for social media that excite or concern you?
    22. How can social media be used as a tool for language learning and practice?
    23. How can social media be used as a tool for self-expression and creativity?
    24. How do different generations (e.g., millennials, boomers) use social media differently?
    25. What are some unwritten rules or etiquette for behavior on social media?
    26. How do businesses and brands use social media for marketing and advertising?
    27. If you could create your own social media platform, what unique features would you include?
    28. Have you ever posted something on social media that you later regretted? What did you learn from that experience?
    29. Imagine a world without social media. How would your daily life and communication be different?
    30. What are some creative ways you’ve seen people or businesses use social media to stand out or make a positive impact?
    31. Do you think social media makes people more or less authentic in their self-presentation? Why?
    32. If you could have dinner with any three social media influencers or personalities, who would you choose and why?
    33. What are some specific skills or knowledge you’ve gained through your use of social media?
    34. Describe a memorable or meaningful social media campaign or challenge you participated in or observed.
    35. How do you decide what information or aspects of your life to share or keep private on social media?

    Tips on Using Social Media Questions in the ESL Classroom

    When using these social media ESL conversation questions in class, vary the format to keep your lessons dynamic and interactive. Pair or group students for ESL speaking activities where they can exchange opinions, agree or disagree, and ask follow-up questions. This approach encourages spontaneous communication and helps learners use real-world language in context.

    You can also assign short writing tasks or have students share their answers in mini-presentations to integrate both speaking and writing skills. To deepen engagement, connect the social media discussion topics to students’ personal experiences or current online trends.

    Finally, review key vocabulary and expressions before the activity to support fluency and accuracy—an effective strategy for any ESL classroom aiming to build confidence and communicative competence.

  • 180 ESL Conversation Starters and Questions (from Beginner to Pro)

    180 ESL Conversation Starters and Questions (from Beginner to Pro)

    Do you ever run out of ideas to keep your students speaking in English?
    These ESL conversation starters and ESL conversation questions will help you inspire fun, natural, and engaging discussions in class—no matter your students’ level.

    This list of 180 English conversation topics covers everything from everyday situations to creative “what if” questions, so you’ll always have something interesting to talk about. Use them as warm-ups, group activities, or full lessons to build fluency, confidence, and real-world communication skills.

    Whether you teach beginners or advanced learners, these speaking prompts will make your lessons more interactive and enjoyable—for both you and your students.

    Tip: Looking for more speaking practice? These pair perfectly with this list: our 120 Would You Rather questions for quick warm-ups, 12 fun speaking activities to get quieter classes talking, and conversation questions using conditionals if you want to work grammar into the discussion.

    Conversation Topics for Adults and Teens

    Adults and teens usually know more about advanced topics than children (politics, religion, etc.) That being said, knowing more on these topics doesn’t necessarily translate to being able to speak about these things easily so don’t assume they can do everything. Be aware of your student’s level and be prepared to reframe a question if they are struggling to understand. 

    Work

    • Where do you work?
    • Do you enjoy your job?
    • Do you use English for your job?
    • Tell me about your last job.
    • What do you think is the most difficult job in the world?
    • What do you think is the easiest job in the world?
    • Where would you work if you could pick any job?
    • Would you still work if you won the lottery?
    • Do you think robots will replace all the jobs in the future?
    • What kind of job should have the highest salary?

    In this post, you’ll get 20 topics and activities for Business English lessons.

    Music

    • Do you listen to music?
    • When did you start listening to music?
    • Do you play a musical instrument?
    • What do you think the future of music will be like?
    • If you could meet any musician, who would it be?
    • Why do people like music?
    • If you could erase a musical genre, which would it be?
    • Do you think musical success comes from working hard or luck?
    • What was the first album you bought?
    • Have you ever downloaded music illegally?

    Holidays

    • What is a holiday?
    • Do you often go on holiday?
    • Where did you last go on holiday?
    • Where would you like to go on holiday next?
    • Do you prefer relaxing or having an adventure on your holiday?
    • Is it weird to go on holiday by yourself?
    • What is the best food you’ve eaten while on holiday?
    • Can you imagine what holidays 500 years ago were like?
    • Would you like to go on holiday to space?
    • What do you think the future of the holidays will be like?

    Technology

    • What is technology?
    • What do you think of when you hear the word ‘technology’?
    • How has technology changed in the past?
    • How has technology changed your life?
    • Could you live without technology?
    • Find the full list of technology questions here

    Conversation Topics for Kids

    To engage a child in conversation, you have to enter their world. What is fun for them? What do they like to do? Using words/phrases like “wow”, “That sounds tasty”, “Awesome” can show you are listening to them and make things more fun which will get them saying more!

    Pets

    • Do you have a pet?
    • What do you think pets do in the day?
    • What do pets eat?
    • Are cats better or dogs?
    • What is the best name for a pet?
    • Would you like a pet spider?
    • Would you like to be an animal? Which one?
    • Why do we have pets?
    • Do you prefer cute or fun pets?
    • What is the best present for a pet?

    School

    • Do you like school?
    • What is your favorite subject?
    • What is your least favorite subject?
    • Who is your favorite teacher?
    • Why do people have to go to school?
    • Do you like homework?
    • What would you do if you were the headteacher?
    • How could schools be more fun?
    • How long are the summer holidays?
    • Can you learn and have fun at the same time?

    Movies

    • What is your favorite movie?
    • Who is your favorite character?
    • Who is your least favorite character?
    • Do you like Disney movies?
    • What was the last movie you saw at the cinema?
    • How often do you watch movies?
    • Do you wish you could live in a movie?
    • Why do you watch movies?
    • Do you prefer reading books or movies?
    • Do you watch any movies in English?

    Conversation Topics for Beginners

    Keeping the topics simple for beginners is a must at the start. Talking about their hobbies and family can help, as these are areas they may have already experience in talking about. If a student is really struggling, then giving them phrases to use such as “I like …” can help get the ball rolling.

    Food

    • What is your favorite food? Why do you like it?
    • Do you like to cook? What dishes can you make?
    • What foods are popular in your country?
    • Do you prefer eating at home or at restaurants? Why?
    • What is a typical breakfast in your home?
    • Have you ever tried food from another country? Did you like it?
    • Do you like spicy food? What spicy dishes have you tried?
    • What foods do you dislike? Why don’t you like them?
    • What is a traditional holiday food in your culture?
    • If you could only eat one food for the rest of your life, what would it be?

    Hobbies

    • What do you like to do?
    • Do you do any sports?
    • What types of movie do you like?
    • Do you play video games?
    • What do you usually do with friends?
    • Is learning English a hobby or work?
    • Do you have any unusual hobbies?
    • Do you have enough time for your hobbies?
    • What is a common hobby?
    • What do you think is a boring hobby?

    Family

    • Do you live with your family?
    • How many people are in your family?
    • Are you close with your family?
    • How often do you see your family?
    • What do you do with your family when you see them?
    • Is your family important to you?
    • Which is more important, friends or family?
    • Who is the weirdest person in your family?
    • Are families less important nowadays than in the past?
    • What would happen if we didn’t have families?

    Home

    • Where do you live?
    • What is there to do in your city?
    • What is your place like?
    • What is your neighbourhood like?
    • Are there any parks near where you live?
    • Have you ever lived elsewhere?
    • How many rooms does your place have?
    • If you moved, where would you like to live?
    • Would you prefer to live in the city or country?
    • Would you like to live abroad?

    Use information gap activities to help your students practice speaking: read our guide.

    Weird and Funny Conversation Starters

    Nobody wants to speak about the same mundane topics, especially if they’re an advanced student. Being able to mix it up is a great attribute to have as a teacher. Not only will you have memorable lessons with these conversation starters, but it will really test the ability of the students to think about topics they aren’t used to (instead of rolling off easy answers about familiar topics.)

    Fails

    • What’s the most epic fail you’ve ever witnessed in person?
    • Have you ever had a funny cooking fail? What happened, and how did it turn out?
    • What’s the most hilarious fashion fail you’ve ever seen or experienced?
    • Have you ever had a technology fail at the worst possible moment? What was the situation, and how did you handle it?
    • What’s the funniest sports fail you’ve ever seen, either in person or online?
    • Have you ever had a humorous translation fail when trying to communicate in a foreign language? What did you say, and what did you mean to say?
    • What’s the most amusing autocorrect fail you’ve ever experienced or seen?
    • Have you ever had a funny fail while trying to impress someone you liked? What happened, and how did they react?
    • What’s the most comical pet fail you’ve ever witnessed or heard about?
    • Have you ever had a hilarious DIY or home improvement fail? What went wrong, and how did you fix it?

    Zombie Apocalypse Plan

    • What is your zombie apocalypse plan?
    • Who would you take with you?
    • What would be your weapon of choice?
    • What would you do if a friend got bitten by a zombie?
    • What would you do if you got bitten by a zombie?
    • What food would you take with you?
    • Do you think governments should have a zombie apocalypse plan?
    • Do you think everyone should have a zombie apocalypse plan?
    • Is a zombie outbreak a likely scenario?
    • Why do you think there are so many movies and TV series based on zombies?

    Superpowers

    • If you could have a superpower, what would it be?
    • What do you think is the weirdest superpower in comic books?
    • Are some superpowers too powerful?
    • Would you like a superpower where you could turn things into gold by touching them?
    • What is the weakest superpower in a comic book?
    • Have we already seen every kind of superpower possible in a comic book?
    • Are there some people in the real world that have superpowers? (doctors etc)
    • Would you like a superpower where you could turn things into chocolate?
    • Would it be better to be super strong or super smart?
    • Would you like the power to travel through time?

    Magic Lamp

    • If you were granted 3 wishes, what would they be?
    • Is wishing for more wishes cheating?
    • Should there be any other rules for people granted wishes?
    • Have you seen any movies with a magic lamp?
    • Do you think there is a better object that could house a genie?
    • Why are we interested in stories of people having wishes?
    • Have any of your wishes come true in real life?
    • Do you make a wish when you blow out the candles on a cake?
    • Is it bad luck to tell someone what your wish is when blowing out the candles?
    • What other ways do people make wishes?

    Controversial Conversations Topics

    These are topics that you need to be careful with and use your judgement based on the student’s background. You need to wait until you know a student to find out what material is appropriate for them. That being said, If used correctly, then these can be really interesting and get the student thinking about “real issues”. 

    Technology and Society

    • Do you think social media has had a positive or negative impact on society? Why?
    • Should governments have the right to monitor citizens’ online activities for security purposes?
    • Is technology making people less social or more connected?
    • Do you believe that artificial intelligence will eventually take over many human jobs?
    • Should parents limit their children’s screen time and use of technology?
    • Is online privacy a fundamental human right, or should people accept less privacy in the digital age?
    • Do you think technology is making people smarter or more dependent on devices?
    • Should schools incorporate more technology in the classroom, or focus on traditional teaching methods?
    • Is the rise of fake news and misinformation on the internet a serious threat to democracy?
    • Do the benefits of technological advancement outweigh the potential negative consequences for society?

    Find more questions about social media and questions about technology here.

    Death Penalty

    • What do you think about the death penalty?
    • Do you know which countries still use the death penalty?
    • Why do you think some countries use the death penalty?
    • Do you know of any famous executions?
    • Should the death penalty be outlawed?
    • If we removed the death penalty then what punishment should replace it?
    • What is the most humane form of execution?
    • What would your “last meal” be?
    • Does the fear of the death penalty reduce crime?
    • How has execution changed over the years?

    Abortion

    • What is abortion?
    • Should abortion be legal?
    • Why do you think some people are “pro choice”?
    • Why do you think some people are “pro life”?
    • What do you think of abortion in cases where the baby was conceived due to rape?
    • What do you think of abortion in cases where the Mother’s life is in danger (due to being pregnant)?
    • Should the father “get a say” in the matter of abortion?
    • What advice would you give to a family member who was thinking of getting an abortion?
    • Should people be allowed to protest against abortion?
    • What do you think the future laws on abortion will be?

    Corruption

    • What is corruption?
    • Is there corruption in your country?
    • Why does corruption exist?
    • Would you consider taking a bribe?
    • Would you consider offering a bribe?
    • Are some types of corruption better than others?
    • Which countries have the most corruption?
    • Which countries have the least corruption?
    • Are there any stories of corruption that you can remember?
    • Is it possible to get rid of corruption entirely?

    Get a list of 110 “Would you rather” questions for your conversation lessons.

    Why Every Teacher Needs a List of Starters

    If you want to improve your student’s speaking ability, you need to master the art of conversation. You have to know how to get your students speaking, move the conversation forward, provide feedback and make it all feel natural. You also need engaging topics, and that is where this guide comes in.

    One of the problems that can face a teacher is knowing what to talk about. What do you do when you’ve finished talking about work, the weather and then realize that only 5 minutes have passed!

    This guide has everything you need to make sure you never run out of topics and most importantly, you always have something interesting to say.

    It is a good idea to pick a particular topic for a class (or even have your student pick if you want more engagement from them). Once you have that topic, then move through the questions, trying to get as much from each one as possible. 

    Browse our ESL teacher resources section for more tips and printable lesson materials.

    Additional Tips for Your Conversation Lessons

    Here are some additional tips to make sure your students are getting the most out of their conversation lessons and will be excited about coming back for more. Some of these will take time to internalize and get right but be aware of them and experiment to get them just right.

    Don’t feel like you have to stick rigidly to the list of conversation starters. If a question takes you down a different conversational thread then go with it. The important thing is that the student is talking, you can always return to “the script” later.

    Correcting a student immediately can often be useful, but in conversation, it can really kill the flow as well as a student’s confidence if done too often. A good idea is to make notes of any major problems and then mention them after a particular section instead. On top of this, try not to interrupt a student once they are speaking. For each answer, try to milk everything out of them that you can before you have “your turn to speak”.

    As well as the frequency of correction, consider the amount being corrected. Don’t feel like you have to correct EVERYTHING. Especially if a student is starting out and is a bit nervous. Pick a few problems areas and focus on that, if you mention too many things at once it can be overwhelming and can really lower a student’s confidence.

    Be strict when a student gives you short answers. If a student gives you an answer like “yes” then force more out of them with “yes… because” or “no… but”. The idea is to get them using the language more.

    Try to inject some personality when using these ESL conversation topics. It should feel more like a conversation rather than a robot giving an interview.

    Some students will struggle with certain subjects as they just don’t know enough about the topic. If it’s a bit of a challenge then push through but if they can’t even talk about a topic in their native language then it may be an idea to move on to another subject.

    Allowing a student to pick a topic can be a great way of engaging them more. This also has the added benefit of helping a younger student (such as a teenager) feel more empowered as they can make their own decisions.

    Get 18 statesman tips on giving great conversation for teens and adults in this post.

    Final Thoughts

    There you have it!

    All you need to make sure you never run out of things to say. Get these printed out as your go-to cheat sheets and bookmark this page so you can easily come back to them for future classes.

    Hopefully, these ESL conversation starters and questions will spark your own ideas for topics you can use in class. If you are teaching one-to-one, you could even write niche topics especially for that student’s interests (e.g skateboarding, knitting or chess).

    Remember, match the topics to the student’s level, keep it fun and once they start talking don’t get in the way!

  • 10 Must-Read Books for ESL Students (Elementary & Middle School)

    10 Must-Read Books for ESL Students (Elementary & Middle School)

    Reading is one of the core foundations for learning a language. Reading helps ESL learners develop a wide range of vocabulary, and see grammatically correct sentences in context. It’s also no secret that a high level of literacy usually translates to a higher level of academic success.

    According to EC English, “Books and other authentic texts are rich in idiomatic language that so much of the English language is based on”.

    Studies have shown that reading has immense benefits for youth, and these benefits may start as early as before children can even read. Reading is one way teens can spend less time looking at screens. Reading also translates into a multitude of benefits, including brain health and empathy. 

    As such, as ESL teachers, we want to introduce the development of reading skills and habits to ESL learners at a young age. Thus, we should make reading as much fun as possible – which finally comes down to the selection of books we recommend or incorporate in our lessons.

    On this list, you’ll find 10 must-read book for elementary and middle-school ESL students.

    Must-Read Books for ESL Students

    How to Choose a Book for Young Learners to Read

    When selecting books for young learners, have specific learning goals for improving their overall fluency, and opt for books that use contemporary English. Books that use modern English will help your ESL students far more than books that use antiquated forms of English, even if these books are classics.

    One of the challenges choosing books for ESL learners is that proficiency level does not correlate with age. Indeed, many young learners have a stronger command of English than many adults do, so when choosing books for reading, consider the content and context of the book in addition to the level.

    Storybooks are great choices because they are stories children can get into, and they contain large amounts of dialog that children can absorb and emulate in their English language learning development.

    If your ESL students are young, you want to select texts with themes that resonate with younger audiences, and that challenge them at their level of reading comprehension.

    5 Must-Read Books for Young ESL Learners

    Oxford Picture Dictionary: Content Areas for Kids

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    Oxford’s Picture Dictionary teaches vocabulary to young ESL learners across several subjects including math, science and social studies, using illustrations and visuals. The picture dictionary includes vocabulary cards, as well as reading and writing practice. There is also an audio CD for listening and repeating dictionary words using correct pronunciation.

    This is an excellent book for ESL teachers to use with young learners in the classroom, or for parents to use at home with their children.

    The Cat in the Hat

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    The story of a tall cat with a red and white striped hat who enters the lives of two young children and causes a great deal of mischief while their mother is away.

    This perennial classic from the famed children’s author Dr. Seuss (Theodor Geisel) is great for teaching early ESL students rhyming through simplistic dialog. The Cat in the Hat is an excellent choice because it helps teach students different word families as well as phonics, which is important in the early years of learning a new language.

    Because many of the books are often set in fantastical make-believe worlds, books from Dr. Seuss achieve impressive results of transcending cultural barriers that may cause students to have trouble understanding many other English books.

    Where the Wild Things Are

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    Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak is a classic that has been helping school children learn to read for over 50 years. The book follows the story of a boy named Max who sails to a wild jungle setting inhabited by monstrous creatures known as the wild things.

    The book is flush with deeply detailed illustrations and is only 338 words in length, ensuring that young ESL students will not be overwhelmed with words they may have trouble understanding.

    The Very Hungry Caterpillar

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    The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle is an elementary picture book which differs from the previous two on our list in that the text doesn’t follow a rhyming scheme.

    Instead, this story is about a caterpillar that hatches and begins to consume everything it comes across. After feasting on too much and becoming sick, the caterpillar goes into its cocoon and then hatches into a magnificent looking butterfly.

    The book is great for teaching students a wide variety of vocabulary from numbers to food types. For teachers who are responsible for developing their own lesson plans, the book has many lessons and activities that have been developed around it in the nearly 50 years since it was released.

    Let’s Go, Let’s Begin: Level 1: Student’s Book

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    Let’s Go, Let’s Begin: Level 1: Student’s Book is part of the Let’s Go! series, and is designed to give children opportunities to learn English in fun, interactive ways such as through song and dance, colorful activities, work sheets, listening tests, communication games and pair work.

    The focus of this book is primarily on phonics, grammar, and learning the alphabet. There is also a student website to extend learning opportunities for young learners.

    How to Choose a Book for Middle School ESL Learners

    Choose Fiction over Non-fiction

    One of the most important decisions to make is deciding what types of books middle school ESL learners should be reading. We recommend fiction books over non-fiction books. Although reading in general enhances connectivity of the brain and heightens empathy, teens who read fiction have potentially more pronounced benefits. New brain research by University of Southern California scientists shows that reading stories is a universal experience that may result in people feeling greater empathy for each other, regardless of cultural origins and differences.

    Exposure to narrative storytelling can have a widespread effect on triggering better self-awareness and empathy for others, regardless of the language or origin of the person being exposed to it.

    University of Southern California

    Choose Books that Match the Language Level and Interests

    It is important to choose books that middle school ESL learners will be able to read without having to look up too many words per page. Overly complex reading for ESL learners will likely negate much of the appeal of the book itself, if they must frequently look up words and their meanings. So, we want to select books that appeal to the interest of this ESL age group, and at the same time, are written using simplistic language.

    Choose Books that Have a Movie Version

    Books with an accompanying movie version can be motivating for middle school ESL students to read. Firstly, they may already be interested in or enjoyed watching the movie, so reading the book will likely pique their interest further.

    As well, reading books that have a movie version enable readers to compare the similarities and differences between the book and the movie. This can add an interesting element to the reading experience, as middle school ESL learners anticipate the plot sequence and twists, depending on whether they read the book before or after watching the movie.

    Buy Both Book and Audiobook Versions

    There are several ways audiobooks can aid students who struggle with reading, and for middle school ESL learners, audiobooks can add to these benefits by giving students opportunities to connect the written word and spoken word. It helps them connect between what they read and how it is spoken, improving both reading and listening skills.

    6 Must-Read Books for Middle School ESL Students

    Lord of the Flies

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    Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a classic novel and has been taught in schools across the globe for decades. The story is about a group of young boys who become stranded on an island after a plane crash. An attempt to govern themselves is made as the boys find themselves slowly being overcome with primal tendencies.

    One of the greatest challenges for ESL learners of all ages is being able to explain or describe details when speaking or responding to questions. This book exposes middle school ESL learners to descriptive language and can help them learn how to use descriptive language in their communication.

    Get the Lord of the flies audiobook here.

    Holes (Holes Series)

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    Holes by Louis Sachar is about a boy who has been sent to a juvenile correction camp. At the camp, the wards require the inmates to dig holes all day every day for character building purposes. The boys, however, soon realize that there are ulterior reasons the warden of the camp wants them to dig the holes.

    This book exposes middle school ESL learners to natural flowing conversations amongst fictional characters who are also teens and pre-teens.

    Get the Holes audiobook here.

    Wonder

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    Wonders by R.J. Palacio is about a boy who was born with a facial difference. He wants nothing more than to be treated as an ordinary kid—but his new classmates can’t get past his extraordinary face.

    The book begins from the boy’s point of view, but soon switches to include his classmates, his sister, her boyfriend, and others. These perspectives converge in a portrait of one community’s struggle with empathy, compassion, and acceptance.

    Wonder is an excellent book that touches upon the concepts of the culture of bullying, empathy, friendship, courage, and hope. All of these concepts are not only important to address with middle school learners, but also help ESL learners in this cohort identify with cultural concepts in the English-speaking world. Middle school ESL learners may indeed relate to the protagonist in this New York Times bestseller.

    “Wonder is the best kids’ book of the year,” said Emily Bazelon, senior editor at Slate.com and author of “Sticks and Stones: Defeating the Culture of Bullying and Rediscovering the Power of Character and Empathy”. In a world where bullying amongst young people is an epidemic, this is a refreshing new narrative full of heart and hope.

    R.J. Palacio has called her debut novel “a meditation on kindness” —indeed, every reader will come away with a greater appreciation for the simple courage of friendship. Auggie is a hero to root for, a diamond in the rough who proves that you can’t blend in when you were born to stand out.

    Get the Wonder audiobook here.

    The Language of Flowers: A Novel

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    The Language of Flowers by Vanessa Diffenbaugh is about a girl who spent her childhood in foster care, and, as a result, is unable to get close to others. Her only connection to the world is through flowers and their meanings. She realizes her gift for helping others through the flowers she chooses for them.

    However, the story takes a left turn when an unexpected encounter with a mysterious stranger awakens her to what she might be missing in her life. At this point, she must decide if it’s worth risking everything for a second chance at happiness.

    This book introduces themes such as abandonment, rejection, coping with and overcoming struggles. What makes this book even more interesting to read is that the protagonist is taken in by a woman who teaches her the language of flowers, and what each flower means. It is through these teachings that she can start positively communicating.

    Crush (Graphic Novel)

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    The graphic novel Crush is the third book from Svetlana Chmakova’s award-winning Berrybrook Middle School series.

    The main character Jorge is big and tough-looking like a bully – but in fact, he is soft and gentle and a friend you want to have. He has a crush on Jazmine, who is already dating someone else. After she breaks up with her boyfriend, can Jorge grasp the opportunity? Jorge has to face various challenges, from tensions with his best two friends to a hacked social media account

    Svetlana Chmakova describes the everyday middle-school drama. She created a captivating story which almost any middle-school kid can relate with – at least, that’s what the fans of this book series say.

    Crush (and the other graphic novel from this series) are a great choice to read for teen ESL students. The story is a lot of fun (if you like drama) and the Manga-inspired style is likeable. Most important, readers will learn the everyday language of teens, which will help them strengthen their conversation skills.

    Tip

    Beyond selecting the right books, it is important to foster a culture of reading among this age group. This can be accomplished through creative but simple ways, such as organizing book clubs, book exchanges, and group reading.

    Are you looking for textbooks, grammar books and dictionaries? Check our list.

  • ESL Running Dictation: a Fun Activity to Practice Writing

    ESL Running Dictation: a Fun Activity to Practice Writing

    “Take out your notebooks: You will be taking dictation!”

    What child likes to hear this sentence at school? … Exactly. Dictations are indeed indispensable for learning spelling. But they are unpopular.

    There are less boring variants, such as the running dictation – and another variant, the sneaking dictation.

    What exactly is meant by these exercises, why are they so great, and how do you implement them for your ESL classroom? In this article, I’ll explain everything in detail.

    ESL Running Dictation: The Instructions

    What is Running Dictation?

    In normal dictation, the teacher reads out individual words or an entire text sentence by sentence; the students have to write everything down, making as few mistakes as possible.

    In running dictation, the text is printed out and hung up or placed somewhere in the classroom. The children must now go one at a time to the sheet, memorize a passage of text, and then write it down at their place.

    Each student may go to the text sheet as many times as they like until they have finished writing the entire text and possibly even correcting it themselves.

    “Go” can mean walk or run – the teacher can set any minimum or maximum speed for movement. You could even post the text at the other end of the hall or in the yard and have the students run there and back each time. This would then be “race dictation.”

    You could even make a competition out of it: Whoever makes the fewest mistakes and finishes the fastest wins.

    You can use this dictation for ESL lessons as well as for any language lessons.

    The running dictation is more appropriate for teens; younger children probably have a hard time concentrating on writing between racing phases. The sneaking dictation might be the better option then.

    What is Sneaking Dictation?

    A sneaking dictation is the same as a running dictation in terms of the procedure – only with a limited moving pace.

    The rule for everyone is that it must be quiet in the classroom. No one is allowed to make loud noises; neither while sneaking nor by talking to the others.

    Benefits of Running Dictation

    Creeping dictation has several advantages over the regular version:

    Independent work

    Since all children can read the correct text, they can correct mistakes themselves. Thus, they learn to work independently and conscientiously – and the teacher has “time off”.

    Incorporates physical activity

    The children do not have to sit still for long. This accommodates children with a great urge to move.

    More fun

    Running dictation doesn’t feel like dictation, but almost like a sports exercise.

    Likewise, some children may be less afraid of it than of regular dictation: they can read difficult passages several times and compare them with their text; each child can go at his or her own pace.

    Focus (Sneaking dictation)

    Especially the sneaking dictation helps to train students staying focused. Being quiet and working in peace is part of the game, and not a forced rule of behavior.

    Also check out our free ESL writing worksheets.

    How to Conduct a Running or Sneaking Dictation

    Want to try it out with your students? Here’s how it works.

    (Except for the moving speed, you perform both types of dictation the same way.)

    Prepare and attach the texts

    Create the sheets with the words, sentences, or whole texts to be written. Print them out or write them on small cards.

    Tip: Laminate the sheets or cards, then you can use them again and again, save paper and protect the environment.

    Now hang up the texts in the classroom or in another place. Or lay them down. Important: Put the texts somewhere so no one can read them from their seats; otherwise these children would have an advantage over the others.

    If you put the texts outside the classroom, make sure that your students do not disturb the other classes. It is best to consult with your colleagues.

    Each text can probably be seen by a maximum of three to four people at a time, so you will likely need to hang each text several times, in different places around the room. Otherwise, there could be a scramble in front of the sheets and concentration would be lost.

    You can either copy the entire text several times, or divide the text passages onto individual sheets or small cards. In the latter case, the children would have to go to different stations depending on what they are writing.

    The children read through the text

    Now allow each child to read through the text or all the words at their own time and get an overview.

    You may need to divide this class into several groups and have them come to the sheets one at a time. It is important that during this time no one starts writing yet and gets a head start.

    The children write … and go … and write.

    Now all the students start writing. If the dictation consists of individual words or passages (and not a coherent text), they can decide for themselves in which order they want to write the passages.

    As needed, each child now walks (sneaks, runs) independently to the sheets and back to the square and finishes writing the entire dictation.

    If you intend to make it a little more difficult, you can limit the time or the number of passages allowed.

    The children hand in the dictation

    When a student has completely copied the text, they should check it again independently; to do this, they can go back to the text sheets and compare the spellings.

    Thereafter, everyone hands in the dictation, as usual.

    Browse our full archive of ESL activity ideas and materials.

  • 41 Artificial Intelligence Discussion Questions: Personal, Legal and Ethical

    41 Artificial Intelligence Discussion Questions: Personal, Legal and Ethical

    Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most exciting topics of our time. Intelligent, adaptive machines and robots can support us humans, make life easier and solve complicated problems.

    On the other hand, AI scares many people. Every technology also harbors risks, and it is not yet possible to foresee how our world will change once artificial intelligences are “really intelligent.”

    The topic therefore offers plenty of material for discussion: for a school or study project, or for a controversial conversation lesson for language students.

    In this article, we listed 41 interesting, personal, legal and ethical questions about artificial intelligence, to foster debates.

    Artificial intelligence: ESL questions, conversation starters

    Personal questions about artificial intelligence, for discussion

    This set of questions will help to start conversations about the various personal perspectives on AI.

    What are the risks of artificial intelligence?

    What are the opportunities of artificial intelligence?

    Can AI be more intelligent than humans?

    What excites you about AI?

    Can robots one day replace humans? In what areas?

    What jobs would you rather have robots do instead of humans?

    In what tasks will humans always be better than robots?

    Could you imagine being friends with a human-looking robot?

    How might AI solve humanity’s problems?

    Should we be afraid of an AI taking power over us one day?

    Can an AI be truly objective, even though it was developed by humans?

    Can an AI develop feelings?

    Can an AI have compassion or a sense of justice?

    Will humans become smarter or dumber by using AI? Why?

    What are the advantages and disadvantages of letting AIs make decisions for us?

    Which movie about AI do you like best, and why?

    Questions about the use of artificial intelligence in everyday life

    Today, AI has already spread into each area of our daily life. With these questions, you can exchange opinions on this development.

    Where does artificial intelligence already support you in your daily life?

    In which areas should AI be used more intense?

    What scenarios do you know for the use of AI in business?

    Would you ride in an autonomous driving car? Or in an autonomous flying machine?

    What would you use a robot for?

    Would you rather have services – like haircuts – provided by robots than humans if it cost less?

    Do you use voice assistants like Siri or Alexa? Why, or why not?

    Have you had a conversation with a chatbot when you were at a company’s customer service desk? What was your experience?

    How has the use of AI already changed your profession? How will your profession change in the coming years?

    What apps from your smartphone are already using AI?

    What things would you like to do yourself, although an AI might be better at it?

    Which “smart” device would you like to have at home, and which not?

    Legal and ethical questions about artificial intelligenc

    These questions are for advanced students and can be used to start highly controversial and even philosophic discussions.

    What is artificial intelligence anyway? At what point is a machine truly intelligent?

    How might an AI be taught to respect human rights?

    Is an AI allowed to make decisions on its own that can greatly affect people’s lives?

    Do there need to be laws governing what an AI can and cannot do?

    If robots can think for themselves, don’t you need to be given personal rights?

    If an AI injures or kills a human, who is to blame? The manufacturer, the owner, or the AI itself?

    Do AIs need liability insurance?

    Who owns all the data an AI collects or generates itself?

    When AIs always and anywhere collect data about all aspects of our lives: how do data privacy laws need to change?

    Should weapons systems be equipped with AI for war? Why or why not?

    How can we prevent AIs from developing the same prejudices as humans, for example against women, people of color, or ethnic minorities?

    Should AIs be able to stop humans from doing bad things?

    Tips on Using AI Questions in the Classroom

    You can put students into pairs or small teams, or discuss the questions with the entire class. Another option is to ask your students individually to write down short answers or longer essays on a specific questions. Later, they can present their thoughts in front of the class.

    By using these questions, your students will learn new vocabulary in the context of artificial intelligence. They will learn how to analyze complex topics, consider different viewpoints, which helps them in daily life and especially in business. 

    These questions can be perfectly combined with other ESL Technology Questions. Another great option to start conversations are “Would You Rather” Questions or these fun speaking activities.

    You can find all of our teaching resources here.

  • 10 Great Information Gap Activities for ESL Lessons

    10 Great Information Gap Activities for ESL Lessons

    ESL teachers are often in a quest of activities that will target a specific language skill and make the students’ experience more interactive and, thus, fun and meaningful.

    I often find myself struggling to select and implement convenient speaking exercises. On the one hand, I want these to work and enhance my students’ speaking skills, but I also care if students feel motivated and comfortable doing the exercises.

    Considering that fluency in speaking relies on communication, which is the most important part of speaking, it is vital to provide exercises through which students can communicate as naturally as possible.

    One of the most effective speaking exercises in ESL lessons are the information gap activities. These rely on asking questions and investigating which is among the best ways to obtain, interpret and use information while communicating.

    Information Gap Activities for ESL Lessons

    What Is an Information Gap Activity?

    In a nutshell, information gap activities are drills that are commonly used in task-based learning and are most often performed in pairs, although more students can participate. In the basic pair format, one of the students looks at one information compilation while their partner looks at another one. 

    Both information clusters are related, and students miss the information they need to complete a task or solve a problem, so they have to talk and exchange the information given.

    Information gap activities are beneficial as they make students ask questions and provide answers in an authentic, real-life fashion while talking about a cinema program that they want to attend in the evening or scheduling a tennis match or a coffee meeting together.

    Information gaps can help your students become successful as speakers, as they would be able to collect and give information in different contexts, used in everyday situations. 

    I like most about this type of activity because it involves students only, while teachers only give instructions, demonstrate and monitor if the activity is done correctly. 

    This way, there is a higher interaction between students, and they become active participators in the learning process, which is a big step toward becoming confident, successful speakers of English.

    Next to the effective information gap activities in task-based learning and teaching, which focuses on having students communicate and use language as a tool for information exchange and problem-solving, are the opinion gap activities.

    Also read: 15 tips to limit teacher talk time during lessons.

    What Is an Opinion Gap Activity?

    When doing opinion gap activities, students are asked to express their personal ideas, feelings, or preferences in a given context, i.e. real-life situation.

    The opinion gap activities for elementary to intermediate ESL students are usually made in the “complete the story” format, however, higher-level students can practice this type of activity by participating in a debate or discussion on a certain topic.

    It is worth noting that opinion gap activities don’t have an objective assessment method, meaning there is no right or wrong answer to what students express as opinions or ideas.

    As a teacher, however, you can instruct students to use specific grammar constructions and assign them a certain time frame that they should stick to while taking turns speaking.

    10 Great Information Gap Activities for ESL Lessons

    Now, let’s take a look at my list of the 10 Great Information Gap Activities for ESL Lessons that you can use in your classroom.

    1. 20 Questions 

    Level: Intermediate and above

    Divide students into pairs or small groups of 3-4 students. Pick a topic on which you will base your questions, like animals, food, famous people from history, etc.

    Write these on paper slips and close them. One student picks a slip of paper and keeps it a secret. The other students ask a maximum of 20 “yes” or “no” questions until they guess what the secret paper slip holds.

    2. Drawing Dictation 

    Level: Intermediate and above

    Divide students into pairs. Instruct students that their task is to draw a simple image; e.g., their “dream beach house” or “tree house” without their partner looking at the drawing.

    Next, tell them to describe the image to their partner, who should follow the description and ask questions until they reproduce the image of the first student in the pair.

    Instruct students to include shape, sizes, colors, exterior parts of the beach house and the area.

    Another fun writing activity: Running dictation

    3. Role Play

    Level: Intermediate and above

    Divide students into pairs and create a situation.

    For this activity, you have to “create a problem” that students will need to solve. For example: One of the students is a waiter at a luxury restaurant, while the other one is a guest.

    The first role-play card should contain a description like, “You are a guest at a luxury restaurant, but the dish you ordered looks a bit and feels lukewarm, plus the glass is stained… (add more problems). You want to get a new dish and don’t want to pay for the first one. Talk to the waiter to solve the problem.”

    The other student gets a role-play card that says, “You are a waiter at a luxury restaurant. You have a guest who complains about their plate, although the meal is fresh and shouldn’t be served hot. You can bring them another dish from the menu, but they will have to pay 50% for the first one. Talk to the guest and solve the problem.”

    4. Find Your Partner

    Level: Upper-Elementary and above

    This is an activity where the entire class participates. Prepare cards, two each with the same image printed on it (according to the topic of your lesson).

    Each student gets a card, and they must go around the classroom with their cards face down and find the person with the same image by asking “yes” or “no” questions.

    Mind to instruct students not to ask directly, “Are you a…?” but tell them to ask descriptive questions.

    5. Mingle Activity 

    Level: Upper-Elementary and above

    This activity includes the entire class. Pick your thematic content from covered units for the activity, like classroom items, cartoon characters, cities, etc.

    Create a list of items that answer questions like “Where am I?”, “Who am I?”, and “What am I?.” Each student gets a different card (if you have a large class, you can divide them into larger groups). Stick the card on each student’s forehead and tell them that each of them has received a person/object they need to guess.

    Next, tell students that they must ask their classmates questions (that you will write on the board to keep things under control) about their person/object until they discover who they are. They aren’t allowed to ask questions which can be answered with “yes“ or “no“.

    Example: What does … eat? Where does … sleep? Does it … (verb)? What color is …? Does it have …? How much/many…?

    6. Get to Know You

    Level: Upper-Elementary and above

    You can do this activity by dividing students into pairs or working with the whole class. Prepare lists of questions that refer to a daily schedule but put them in a jumbled order.

    Each student should question their partner about their schedule, then order the questions-answers in the right order. Next, students should compare their daily routines and describe the differences and similarities in their routines in front of their class.

    Find more icebreaker activities for the first day of school here.

    7. Picture Difference

    Level: Upper-Elementary and above

    Prepare two different pictures on the same thematic content. Divide students into pairs.

    The first student describes their picture to their partner. The second student listens to the description carefully and tries to find 4-5 differences in on their picture. Then, the second student describes the differences and the first student should confirm if they are correct.

    8. Information Exchange

    Level: Intermediate and above

    Prepare film or theater programs with 4 pieces each. Include information like date, time, duration, genre, age limit and price of ticket. Make one full copy of the program and one with missing information.

    Divide students into pairs. Each student gets a program. The first student looks at the information about the films or plays and uses them to answer the questions by their partner who wants to know more about the films. 

    9. Same-Different

    Level: Upper-Elementary and above

    Divide students into pairs. Prepare two samples of different tourist offers for one destination. Tell students that they are friends or a couple who want to go on a vacation at the same place.

    They have found different offers, and now each tries to persuade the other that the offer they found is the right one. Include price of the offer, accommodation, air tickets, excursions, and extra activities etc.

    10. End-of-School Party

    Level: Upper-Elementary and above

    This activity is for the entire class. Create a shopping list for an end-of-school party and make a stack of cards that will contain things that students will “need to buy,” like drinks, food, decorations etc.

    Give a list and a card to each student. Tell your students to mingle with their classmates and ask them what they bring to the party. Next, divide students into groups and present questions on the board that your students will need to use

    What time does the party start? What food, drinks is best to bring? What music should be played? What activities should be planned, like karaoke, etc.?

    Instruct students to ask these questions within the group and write a plan for the party. Finally, each student presents their plan, and you can choose the best ones.

    Wrapping Up

    I hope that this article inspired you to incorporate some information gap activities on my list and make your ESL classroom an interactive environment where students exchange knowledge and enjoy learning.

  • 12 ESL Pronunciation Activities to Practice With Your Students (PDF)

    12 ESL Pronunciation Activities to Practice With Your Students (PDF)

    Correct me if I’m wrong: when teachers teach English, what they neglect most is pronunciation, and when students learn English, what they neglect most is pronunciation.

    Teaching and learning pronunciation in ESL classes can be really tricky for both teachers and students, but the good, old “practice makes perfect” does wonders as always.

    Are you looking for ESL pronunciation activities that will improve your students’ pronunciation? Then check out my list of pronunciation tips and 12 activities for both preschool and advanced ESL students.

    Why Teaching Pronunciation Matters?

    We can all agree that there’s simply not enough time to practice all core activities in class, so we usually prioritize grammar, reading or writing.

    Then no wonder why our students also think that pronunciation is not SO relevant, and forget that regardless their knowledge in grammar or vocabulary, if pronunciation fails, communication will also fail.

    To speak comfortably, students must learn the basics of phonics, i.e. pronunciation, which would immediately improve their listening comprehension skills. When they learn how to pronounce “free” and “three”, they will easily distinguish these two words when listening.

    What Is Good Pronunciation?

    Unlike the popular belief, good pronunciation doesn’t necessarily mean to sound “like a native”. 

    To start with, it is hard to say what “a native” really sounds like, especially when it comes to English, a language that encompasses many language variations that express diversity in pronunciation.

    When you practice pronunciation, include activities that encourage slow, easy and smooth speaking even when sounds are not perfect. 

    Next, add activities that focus solely on accuracy, i.e. how to produce sounds correctly.

    Ready? Here are my favorite activities for adults and advanced students, as well as as for preschool students or beginners.

    Pronunciation Activities for Adults and Advanced ESL Students

    Let’s start with some advanced activities:

    1. Fast Dictation

    • Student level: Intermediate–Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group or individual

    In this activity, the teacher dictates the content in a single continuous stream, without breaks.

    The students listen and write words and phrases they notice.

    The dictation should include target words in minimal pairs, e.g., bent — vent, thumb — sum, save — safe, that students need to detect and write in the order they hear them.

    Learn how to conduct a running dictation activity.

    2. Homophone Go Fish

    • Student level: Pre-Intermediate–Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group

    Make a list of homophones, and write each word on a separate piece of paper/ card.

    Plan ahead the number of cards according to the number of participatory groups.

    Each group member gets 5 cards, the rest is put in a pile.

    The goal of the game is students to find a matching homophone by asking another student: “Do you have a word that sounds like…?” (for example, sun – son).

    To keep the pair, Student 1 has to use the matching words in 1- 2 sentences. 

    In case Student 2 doesn’t have the homophone, they say, “Go fish!” and Student 1 draws a card from the pile.

    3. Rhyming Poetry

    • Student level: Pre-Intermediate–Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group or Individual

    You can do this activity both face-to-face and online. 

    Instruct your students to write a simple poem with rhymes, e.g., love — dove, face — embrace, and read it out loud.

    This activity is especially convenient and inspirative when related to a festive occasion like St. Valentine’s Day, Christmas or Earth’s Day.

    4. Sound Chain

    • Student level: Intermediate–Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group

    Another activity that you can do both face-to-face and online. 

    Students should line up or take a designated order in the class if online.

    Give your students a key sound, e.g., “ue” — like in fuel, due, tissue, rescue. Then instruct each student to find a word with the same sound.

    Have your class tell a story with the words that were listed during the sound chain game in the exact order. (take notes of the order, just in case your students forget it).

    5. The Odd One Out

    • Student level: Intermediate–Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group

    Prepare a list with several sets of 3-4 words with the same vowel sound. Add one word in the middle that differs from the rest, like meet, sit,  meat, seat.

    Divide the class into teams and instruct them to line into 2 lines in front of the board. 

    Write the first set of words on the board. The first student row reads the words, then goes fast to the board and circles the odd word. 

    The student who first circles the odd words wins a point for the team.

    6. Extra Drill: Pronunciation Check

    Check how well your students can pronounce the following mispronounced English words:

    Pronunciation Activities for Preschool ESL Students

    Now, these activities are fun and effective for beginners and kids:

    7. Sound TPR

    • Student level: Beginner–Elementary
    • Type of lesson: Group

    Designate movements to specific sounds, for example, clapping, stumping or raising hands.

    For example, when students hear the sound ‘oi” in oil or boil, they jump or wave their arms.

    You can read to them, play an audio or show flashcards and encourage them to respond to the words on the flashcards with correct pronunciation and movement.

    8. Fruit Salad

    • Student level: Beginner–Elementary
    • Type of lesson: Group

    Instruct students to sit in a circle and have one student standing in the middle.

    Each student represents a type of fruit, i.e. words containing minimal pairs (pin, bin).

    The student in the middle calls a fruit and all students who represent that fruit have to quickly change places while the student in the middle tries to take one of their chairs.

    From time to time, they can say “fruit salad”, i.e. another word (bean!) and then all students have to change places.

    9. Pronunciation Bingo

    • Student level: Beginner–Pre-Intermediate
    • Type of lesson: Group

    Prepare Bingo sheets with words for each individual sound you want to review, as well as sound flashcards.

    Show a sound flashcard and say the sound while showing the card.

    The students must find the word on the Bingo sheet that matches the sound.

    E.g., “e” – “pet”.

    10. Correct the Teacher

    • Student level: Beginner–Elementary
    • Type of lesson: Group or Individual

    Say a sentence in both natural and unnatural rhythm and ask your students to decide if it was right or wrong. If wrong, they need to say it in the correct way.

    E.g., “I fond tree keys in the box.” (I found three keys in the box.)

    11. Rhyming Pair Memo Game

    • Student level: Beginner–Elementary
    • Type of lesson: Group or Individual

    Prepare cards with rhyming words like pet-bat, man-can etc., and put them face down. Students take turns and turn over the cards to find the rhyming pairs.

    12. Extra Drill: Tongue Twister + Role Play 

    Play this video to your students (minute 00:00-07:00). Explain to them what is a tongue twister: A sentence made up of words that are difficult to pronounce quickly, e.g., “She sells sea shells on the sea shore.” 

    Replay the video and encourage students to repeat the 3 tongue twisters. Then assign a role to each student or divide students in groups where each would get a role if they’re too many, and do the role play demonstrated in minute 07:00-13:25.

    Follow-up…

    To improve students pronunciation, try to stay diligent in implementing ESL pronunciation activities and establish routinely follow-ups of their progress, so you can detect any impediments and work on these accordingly.

    Stay committed and results will follow!

    Check out out our extensive guide on teaching English pronunciation with more tips and exercises.

  • Free ESL Listening Worksheets for Your Lessons

    Free ESL Listening Worksheets for Your Lessons

    Always on the quest for listening worksheets and listening comprehension excercises for your ESL lessons?

    Here, we put together a collection of ESL listening worksheets, free to use for teachers.

    (We know, not much to see here yet, but we are just starting out with this section.)

    ESL Listening Worksheets for Intermediate Students

    TopicWorksheet Type
    In the kitchenListening comprehension, Intermediate Level
    Food: school lunchListening comprehension, Intermediate Level
    Travel and transporationListening comprehension, Intermediate Level

    ESL Listening Worksheets for Advanced Students

    TopicWorksheet Type
    Technology & RelationshipsListening comprehension, Intermediate-Advanced Level
    Aakward TV momentsListening comprehension and writing, Advanced Level

    Other Resources

    Check our big list of 12 ESL listening activities and exercises.

  • List: Prepositions of Place: At, In & On (Elementary)

    List: Prepositions of Place: At, In & On (Elementary)

    Title image for prepositions of place

    A list and usage examples of prepositions of place for ESL teachers and students. (Free download here.)

    Grammar Guideline

    In general, we use:

    • at for a POINT
    • in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
    • on for a SURFACE

    Prepositions List with Examples

    Notice the use of the prepositions of place “at“, “in“ and “on“ in these common expressions:

    AT a Certain Point

    • at home
    • at work
    • at school
    • at university
    • at the corner
    • at college
    • at the corner
    • at the bus stop
    • at the door
    • at the top of the page
    • at the bottom of the house
    • at the end of the road
    • at the entrace
    • at the crossroads
    • at the front desk
    • at the side

    IN an Enclosed Space

    • in a car
    • in a bus
    • in a plane
    • in a boat
    • in an elevantor
    • in the sky
    • in a row
    • in Oxford Street
    • in the back of a car
    • in the garden
    • in London
    • in the USA
    • in a box
    • in my pocket
    • in my wallet
    • in a building

    ON the Surface of Something

    • on the table
    • on a plane
    • on a ship
    • on a motorbike
    • on a horse
    • on the football field
    • on the cover
    • on the floor
    • on the menu
    • on a page
    • on the hand
    • on the way (figurative)
    • on the roof
    • on the head
    • on the planet
    • on the wall

    Usage: Example Sentences

    Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.

    The shop is at the end of the street.

    My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.

    When will you arrive at the office?

    Do you work in an office?

    I have a meeting in New York.

    Do you live in Japan?

    Jupiter is in the Solar System.

    The author’s name is on the cover of the book.

    There are no prices on this menu.

    You are standing on my foot.

    There was a “no smoking” sign on the wall.

    I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.

    Want to make prepositions easy for your students?

    Download the full Prepositions of Place: At, In & On ESL worksheet — complete with grammar rules, usage examples, and sentence exercises.

  • Weather Idioms List with Meanings

    Weather Idioms List with Meanings

    Weather Idioms List Examples

    Free Weather Idioms List with Examples for ESL teachers and students, to learn idioms or prepare ESL lesson plans.

    List of Weather Idioms

    Any port in a storm

    In an emergency, any solution will do; even one that would normally be unacceptable.

    Blue skies

    An overly enthusiastic outlook or disposition.

    A bolt from the blue

    When something happens unexpectedly and suddenly.

    To brighten up the day

    Making someone feel positive and happy all day long.

    The calm before the storm

    A calm time immediately before a period of violent activity or argument.

    To chase rainbows

    To try to do something that you will never achieve.

    On cloud nine

    To be extremely happy.

    A cloud of suspicion (is hanging over someone)

    Someone is not believed or is distrusted.

    A cloud on the horizon

    A problem which can be seen ahead.

    To see something in the cold light of day

    Seeing things as they really are, not as you might want them to be.

    Come rain or shine, …

    Nothing will deter or stop me from doing something (not even bad weather).

    To be (down) in the doldrums

    To be depressed, lacking energy, or in a hopeless state (persons or situations).

    Having a dry spell

    To not be as successful as you normally are.

    Every cloud has a silver lining.

    It is always possible to get something positive out of a situation, no matter how unpleasant, difficult or even painful it might seem.

    Have face like thunder

    Be very upset about something.

    A fairweather friend

    A friend who is always there when times are good but forgets about you when things get difficult or problems crop up.

    To get wind of

    To hear or learn about something, especially if it was meant to be secret.

    To go down a storm

    To be very enjoyable or successful.

    To move like a greased lightning

    To move very fast.

    Have the head is in the clouds

    To have unrealistic, impractical ideas.

    To hit rough weather

    If you hit rough weather, you experience difficulties or problems.

    In a fog

    If you’re in a fog, you are confused, dazed or unaware.

    Into each life some rain must fall

    This means that bad or unfortunate things will happen to everyone at some time.

    It never rains but it pours

    ‘It never rains but it pours’ means that when things go wrong, they go very wrong.

    It’s raining cats and dogs

    it’s raining very hard.

    Know which way the wind blows

    This means that you should know how things are developing and be prepared for the future.

    Made in the shade

    One has an easy time in life or in a given situation. Finding things working to one’s benefit.

    Not know enough to come in out of the rain

    Someone who doesn’t know enough to come in out of the rain is particularly stupid.

    Quiet before the Storm

    When you know that something is about to go horribly wrong, but hasn’t just yet, then you are in the quiet before the storm.

    Quick as a flash / quick as a lightning

    If you’re as quick as a flash, or quick as a wink, or quick as lightning, you’re very quick.

    Rain on your parade

    If someone rains on your parade, they ruin your pleasure or your plans.

    Rainy day

    If you save something, especially money, for a rainy day, you save it for some possible problem or trouble in the future.

    Right as rain

    If things are right as rain, then everything is going well in your life.

    Sail close to the wind

    If you sail close to the wind, you take risks to do something, going close to the limit of what is allowed or acceptable.

    Seven sheets to the wind

    If someone is seven sheets to the wind, they are very drunk.

    Shoot the breeze

    When you shoot the breeze, you chat in a relaxed way.

    Steal someone’s thunder

    If someone steals your thunder, they take the credit and praise for something you did.

    Stem the tide

    If people try to stem the tide, they are trying to stop something unpleasant from getting worse, usually when they don’t succeed.

    Storm in a teacup

    If someone exaggerates a problem or makes a small problem seem far greater than it really is, then they are making a storm in a teacup.

    Take a raincheck

    If you take a rain check, you decline an offer now, suggesting you will accept it later. (‘Raincheck’ is also used.)

    Take by storm

    To take by storm means to captivate- eg. A new play that took New York City by storm.

    Tempest in a teapot / storm in a teapot

    If people exaggerate the seriousness of a situation or problem, they are making a tempest in a teapot.

    Throw caution to the wind

    When people throw caution to the wind, they take a great risk.

    Twisting in the wind

    If you are twisting in the wind, you are without help or support – you are on your own.

    Under a cloud

    If someone is suspected of having done something wrong, they are under a cloud.

    Under the weather

    If you are feeling a bit ill, sad or lack energy, you are under the weather.

    Wait for a raindrop in the drought

    When someone is waiting for a raindrop in the drought, they are waiting or hoping for something that is extremely unlikely to happen.

    Weather a storm

    If you weather a storm, you get through a crisis or hard times.

    Download the Complete Weather Idioms List

    Includes 50+ weather idioms with meanings, usage examples, and printable reference guide (6-page PDF)

  • House & Furniture Idioms List

    House & Furniture Idioms List

    Furniture & House Idioms List

    Free House & Furniture Idioms List for ESL teachers and students, to learn idioms or prepare ESL lesson plans.

    Idioms List Relating to House, Furniture & Fittings

    darken somebody’s doorJust get out of here and never darken my door again!
    the door swings both ways“You never call me.” “You don’t contact me either. The door swings both ways you know!”
    open doors to-from somethingA degree from a top university generally opens doors to major companies.
    dead as a doornailThey’ve started fighting again, so the peace agreement is now as dead as
    a doornail.
    hammer homeThe police hammered home the dangers of drinking and driving.
    fly off the handleDad flew off the handle when I told him I had damaged his new car.
    bring the house downIf he sings like that on Saturday, he’ll bring the house down.
    on the houseThe new owner offered us a drink on the house.
    put house in orderYou should put your house in order before telling me what to do!
    under the knifeI’m not worried about the anaesthetic.  I’ve been under the knife several times. 
    light bulb momentHarry had a light-bulb moment when he finally realized what was blocking the mechanism.
    see in a new lightAfter listening to my colleague, I began to see things in a new light.
    big pictureWhile each aspect is important, try not to forget the big picture.
    picture of healthNice to see you again Mr. Brown.  I must say you look the picture of health!
    a picture is worth a thousand wordsLook at the picture of the crash! A picture is worth a thousand words isn’t it?
    get the pictureThe alarm went off and people started running everywhere – you get the picture I’m sure!
    put in the pictureSome changes were made during your absence.  Let me put you in the picture.
    a lot on your plateIt’s not a good time to discuss the problem with David.  He’s got a lot on his plate at the moment.
    want head on a platterHe was so angry when he read the article about his family that he wanted the journalist’s head on a platter.
    pot calling kettle blackAfter being disqualified for not obeying the rules, the player accused another competitor of cheating; it was the pot calling the kettle black!
    raise the roofThe concert was such a success, the audience raised the roof.
    sweep under the rugThey tried unsuccessfully to sweep the scandal under the rug.
    no strings attachedI managed to get a loan with no strings attached.
    put/lay one’s cards on the tableLet’s clean the air and put our cards on the table.
    bang one’s head against a brick wallI’ve been banging my head against a brick wall trying to explain the internet to my grandmother! 
    like talking to a brick wallI tried to discuss the problem with him but it was like talking to a brick wall.
    writing on the wallWe all knew Larry was going to lose his job, but he refused to see the writing on the wall.
    bounce off the wallsDanny can’t wait to start his new job.  He’s bouncing off the walls.
    window on the worldThe internet has become a window on the world.
    window shoppingI haven’t been paid yet,  so I can only go window shopping.
     go out the windowWhen the plant closed down, all hopes of finding a job went out the window.

    Download the Complete House & Furniture Idioms List

    Includes 30+ idioms with meanings, example sentences, and printable reference guide (2-page PDF)

  • ESL Cooking Vocabulary: All Resources You Need for Your Lesson

    ESL Cooking Vocabulary: All Resources You Need for Your Lesson

    Planning to do an ESL lesson about cooking? You want to give your students a practical and appealing introduction to cooking vocabulary?

    Perfect! We got it all for you: lists, definitions, activities and worksheets.

    Use the resources on this page to engage your students and make them learn cooking vocabulary.

    Cooking vocabulary: free lists and worksheets for ESL lessons

    Why Should You Spend Time Teaching Cooking Vocabulary?

    Cuisine is one of the most cultural aspects of persons every day’s life. People associate emotions and identify themselves with their home kitchen. 

    If your students are ever in another country, they can easily connect with the person they are talking to, using cooking vocabulary.

    How Can You Incorporate Cooking Vocabulary Into Your Lessons?

    There are various ways to include these lists and exercises into your lesson. 

    You can ask your students to explain the vocabulary to each other. The other person has to guess the words and rate the explanation of the classmate.

    Another option is to divide your students into groups. Then they can ask each other questions about how to prepare their favorite dish. After such a lesson, you can give your students a homework to write a recipe about their favorite dish.

    ESL Cooking Vocabulary List & Definitions

    to bakecook something in the oven (We can bake the potatoes in the oven)
    to boilheat something up in water so that it gets hot or cooked (Let us boil the spaghetti in the next step)
    a bowlRound container that is open at the top and is deep enough to hold soup or fruits. (We need a bowl to serve the soup) 
    to carvecut something big into small pieces (We have to carve the turkey now)
    to cookto prepare food for your meal
    a cookThe person in a restaurant preparing the food (The cook starts to prepare your food now)
    a chefThe head cook in the kitchen of a restaurant (The chef tells the cooks, what to do.)
    a cookbookA book with recipes and guides to help you cook (In the cookbook we can find the full instructions.)
    a dishA type of food (My favorite dish is Thai Curry.)
    a forkThe silverware you need to eat most food.
    to grillto cook food directly under a hot flame (I like steak best, when it is grilled.)
    herbIngredients used to spice up dishes. (You could add some herbs.)
    ingredientA component of a dish. (The ingredients for spaghetti bolognese are meat, spaghetti, tomatoes, salt, pepper etc.)
    a knifeThe silverware you need to cut your food. (The knife is blunt. I can’t cut the meat)
    meltto turn solid food into a more liquid one (The cheese on my burger melts.)
    mixto combine two or more elements and put them together (You have to mix the butter and flour.)
    a panThe kitchen utensil you need for cooking. (I need a pan to cook the eggs.)
    peelto cut off the skin of a fruit or vegetable (You have to peel the apple.)
    preheatto heat something up before cooking it (We have to preheat the chicken in the oven.)
    prepareto make the vegetables, fruits, and other food ready for cooking (Can you prepare the apples for the cake?)
    recipeAn instruction that helps you to cook a dish. (Can you hand me the recipe, so I can see what else we need?)
    roastto cook vegetables or meat in the pan (ideally with a brown, crispy skin). 
    saltA seasoning used for most food (I need some salt for my eggs.)
    serveto bring the dishes to the table (The waiter serves the food.)
    stir-fryto fry something quickly in the pan (with oil for example). 
    spoonThe silverware you need to eat a soup. (Do we have spoons for the soup?)
    waiterThe person in the restaurant bringing the drinks and food. (We have to call a waiter.)

    The 5 Best Activities to Teach Cooking Vocabulary

    Food Quiz

    Two students should get together and talk about their favorite dish. They should not mention the name of the food, but describe the ingredients that are used, the preparation and the taste of it.

    Cooking Vocabulary Pantomime

    The students should go together in small groups of persons and each explain two vocabularies. The team with more points wins.

    Make a list of the above listed vocabulary. Give each student one piece of paper with a word on it. Tell them to explain the verbs and nouns with pantomime. 

    Cooking Show Time

    Let your students watch a video of a cook preparing a dish. They should observe the preparation, instructions and ingredients. After watching the TV, they should explain, how to do the dish.

    Restaurant Conversation

    Two students should get together and make a role play. One student acts as the guest, one as the waiter. 

    To make it easier, let them act as if they were in a local restaurant. If necessary, give them some phrases in advance, that will help them to complete the dialogue.

    Recipe Writing

    Students should take pen and paper or their tablet and write an instruction on how to cook or bake a certain dish. They should list the ingredients, give tips and provide a step-by-step instruction.

    Free Printable ESL Cooking Worksheets

    Download, edit and print all of the following worksheets for ESL teachers – completely free!

    NameLink
    Verbs WorksheetWord
    Verbs WorksheetWord
    Verbs ActivityWord
    Reading ComprehensionWord
    Reading ComprehensionWord
    Crossword ExerciseWord
    Crossword ExerciseWord

    Browse our full archives of resources for ESL teachers.

  • 15 Engaging Community Building Activities for the Classroom

    15 Engaging Community Building Activities for the Classroom

    “We’re in this together!” is a phrase we all like and need to hear. Not only that it says that we’re supported and can rely on other people, but it also makes us feel understood, safe, accepted, and thus, empowered to contribute to the relationships with our “supporters”.

    A community classroom is precisely that – a place where students feel accepted, loved and connected to their peers and teacher, so they feel motivated to change, grow and learn.

    According to experts, community building is the foundation of a happy classroom. For students to be productive learners, they need a sense of belonging, as their emotional and social development is deeply connected to their learning. When young students enter the classroom for the first time, they actually enter a new community away from their family, so it is essential for them to feel both empowered and invested. Or in other words, a great deal of students’ energy for learning comes from their social connectedness. 

    As a teacher, you can try different community building activities and strategies that will help you create a belonging classroom for your students. Understandably, these may be conditioned by students’ age group, i.e. grade, however, they all focus on facilitating both students’ and teachers’ skills that are crucial for problem-solving, interaction, and teamwork. 

    Community building activities for the classroom

    Community Building Activities for Elementary Students

    When it comes to young students in elementary school, it is utterly important for teachers to get to know each child and set the foundations of trust and familiarity. You can play games or do projects that focus on the development of these aspects, but you can also make discussions where children can express their opinions and demonstrate who they are to their peers. 

    These community building activities will encourage students to work together, communicate, listen and think creatively.

    Storytelling Round Robin

    For this, community building activity, you’ll need a story of your preference. Have students seated at their desks and then start the game by reading the first line of the story. Then stop and tell each student to add a new line to the story, one by one, as they’d imagine the story continues.

    For example:

    Teacher: Once upon a time…

    Student A: …there was a squirrel…

    Student B: …its name was Pirri…

    Student C: …and she loved peanut butter cookies…

    Keep doing this until every student gets a turn.

    Additional idea: Write the story down and save it. Repeat the activity a few times throughout the year and create a printed storybook that you can give to your students at the end of the school year.

    Co-Created Rules Chart 

    Bring materials for creating a fun and colorful chart poster for the classroom and gather your students for this team activity. Discuss what makes them feel nice and happy in the classroom, and then explain why following rules is important for everyone.

    Guide your students in creating a chart of classroom rules together with you. Give each child a turn to suggest a rule. Write down the rules and leave a replaceable blank line under each rule (you can use an adhesive write-on strap).

    Explain to students that each time a rule is broken you’ll draw a frowned face under it. Change the tape every week and save it to count the frowned faces at the end of the month. Reward students if there are no more than 5 frowned symbols per month. 

    Birthday Line Up

    This is a fun and energetic activity. To prepare students for this activity, make sure they know the order of months and their birthday. The goal is to line up the students in order of their birthdays, starting from January to December. Tell them to go around and ask each other about their birthdays to figure out the order they need to make. Add an extra challenge by telling them to do it with pantomime instead of talking.

    Kind Mondays 

    This activity will teach students about the importance of encouraging and lifting their peers up. Start every school week by sitting with your students in a circle with their legs straight. Tell your students to compliment the classmate opposite them, say why they are good friends or what they like most about them. 

    Each time a student receives a compliment, they cross their legs. Make sure you change students’ positions and pair students that are not very close as friends to make them more interested in one another positively. 

    Creative Solutions

    Choose four random items and think of fun, challenging scenarios that you will later read to your students. Split your students into teams and present the scenario that each team will have to solve only with those four items.

    For example:

    You’re trapped in the jungle with Captain Hook…

    If you need more resources to engage your young-aged students, look at these warm-up activities for kids.

    Community Building Activities for Middle School Students

    The quality of the social and academic achievements of middle school children becomes better when they feel that they belong. Considering that middle school is a transitional period and the very beginning of puberty, it is important that teachers incorporate activities that will help students of this age feel accepted and active in their learning environment and thus cultivate their sense of belonging.

    Step into My Shoes

    Learning about diversity can be fun and very helpful for students to learn how to interact and relate with people who are different from themselves. 

    Prepare a reading sheet with scrambled letters (free download below) and hand out a copy to each student. Ask for students to read the sheet aloud. After students have struggled reading, read the full text from the answer sheet. Ask students how it felt to read this and explain that this is how people with learning disabilities usually feel despite their intelligence (dyslexia, dyscalculia).

    Ask students if people with learning disabilities can make important contributions to society (give examples- Walt Disney, Albert Einstein, Tom Cruise). Conclude that people with learning disabilities have similar feelings to the ones they’ve experienced.

    Walk Apart-Walk Together

    With this activity, you will help students recognize differences among peers and the similarities they share. Ask two volunteers to come forward and stand back to back. Ask other students to call out things that are different about the two volunteers. 

    For each difference, the volunteers take one step away from each other. When they finally reach the end of the walking space, tell them to turn and face each other. Next, tell students to call out similarities of the two volunteers. The volunteers take a step toward each other as each similarity is listed. Talk about the differences that are easy to see and mention but also the similarities that are sometimes not visible (interests, goals, preferences).

    Anti-Bullying Campaign

    Ask students to give examples of bullying behavior and then inform them about the possible consequences, like low grades, health issues, depression, etc. Tell students that you’re going to create an anti-bullying campaign together and present it to other classes in the school. 

    Divide students into 3 groups and tell them to think of things that demonstrate kindness as opposite to bullying behavior. Write them on the board. 

    Then give them the following tasks: creating an anti-bullying poster with messages that encourage nonviolent behavior, a song or YouTube video with a message against bullying, writing anti-bullying and pro-kindness tear-off messages, and creating anti-bullying memes and hashtags. Present these in front of other classes and spread the campaign in your school.

    Paper Tweets

    Create a bulletin board modeled according to a social media profile (e.g. Facebook or Twitter). Each student creates a profile and includes at least three followers- a close friend and two other classmates they don’t interact with much. The student writes their current mood, a problem or news and their followers respond.

    After-School Hangouts

    Make sure you schedule a monthly informal after-school gathering where you’d invite both parents and students. If the weather is nice, you can do this in the schoolyard or even have a picnic in the park, for example. 

    Tell students that they can bring food or drinks if they want and share them. Bring a portable speaker and play some relaxing music while chit-chatting together. This type of activity allows teachers, students, and parents to interact on a different level and build deeper connections.

    Community Building Activities for College School Students

    Building a community in the college environment can be challenging and require creative thinking. Most college students are commuters or have jobs, so college instructors ought to focus on activities that will build community among students and within the classroom.

    Two Truths and A Lie (Icebreaker Activity)

    Students write down two truths about themselves and one lie. Then they present the three “facts” to the rest of the group, who tries to guess which one is the lie.

    Weekly Class Meetings

    Meeting and talking for 15 to 30 minutes with your students at the beginning of each week is one of the simplest but effective ways to build classroom community. And it doesn’t need to be complex or specific, just ask how everyone is doing, what are their goals for the week, and what they’re doing to meet those goals. This also works via Zoom in times of COVID-19.

    Gratitude Journal

    Thinking about and expressing gratitude is a fun and mindful community building activity for older students. Ask your students to create a gratitude journal and write 5 things they feel grateful for at the beginning or end of the class. Ask students to share what’s on their list.

    I Wish My Teacher Knew…

    Though college students are adults, they might not always feel encouraged enough to speak out in the classroom and share their opinion about things. This activity will give them a voice and value their perspective. 

    Create printable comment cards that read, I wish my teacher knew… with a blank line for students to fill out. Hand out the cards to students who can return them anonymously, and then you can read them aloud.

    Compliments Ritual

    Students like to hear that they’re doing well or that someone believes in their potential. Create a ritual at the beginning or at the end of the class where students would stand in a circle and give compliments to each other to recognize their work and positive traits.

    Here are even more activities that are perfect for engaging teenagers.

    Wrap up

    Community classrooms can effectively impact students’ personal development and provide stronger motivation to learn. Studies have shown that community classroom students more often state that at school they feel at home or that they care about their classmates. And that, to conclude, results in greater social competence, higher educational expectations, and stronger problem-solving skills.

    If you want more tips on how to improve your classes, you can look at many other activities for your students of every age here.

  • 61 ESL Technology Questions for Exciting Conversations (PDF)

    61 ESL Technology Questions for Exciting Conversations (PDF)

    Struggling to find good ESL questions to do a class about technology?

    Now no longer! We’ve compiled a list of questions for you and your students to practice speaking, writing and exchanging ideas — no matter what age or level they are!

    With technology reaching every part of our lives, it is getting increasingly important to prepare your students to get used to the topic.

    51+ Technology ESL Questions  for your lessons

    Tips on Using Technology Questions in the Classroom

    You can put students into pairs or small teams, or discuss the questions in class. Another option is to ask your students individually to write down some phrases. Later they can present their results in class.

    By using these questions, your students will learn new vocabulary in the context of technology. This will help them in daily lives and especially in business. 

    General Technology Questions

    This set of questions will help your students to get a brief overview over the topic “technology”.

    • What is technology?
    • What do you think of when you hear the word ‘technology’?
    • How has technology changed in the past?
    • How has technology changed your life?
    • Could you live without technology?
    • What technological achievement was the best?
    • What do you think technology will be like in the future?
    • What are the advantages of technology?
    • What are the disadvantages of technology?
    • Which new technological tool are you looking forward to?
    • What do you think will be the next biggest technological advance?

    Opinion and Discussion Technology Questions

    Your students can exchange opinions and ideas using these questions. It’s also perfect to start a conversation.

    • At what age should children get a cell phone?
    • How many hours a day should children be allowed to use electric devices?
    • What are the disadvantages of using technology?
    • Do you think people rely too much on technology?
    • What do you think about online shopping?
    • Does technology make society lazy?
    • Do you prefer Windows or Apple computers?
    • Do you prefer to text your friends or call them?
    • What do you think of today’s technology? Do we use it the right way?
    • Do you think that technology controls and spies on us?
    • How can countries help to create more inventors?
    • Is there a piece of technology that you are afraid of that might exist in the future? (artificial intelligence, flying cars)
    • Which technology has made the world worse?
    • What are the possibilities of technology in clothing?
    • What is the future of transportation?
    • What do you think old people think of modern technology?
    • How has technology changed society?
    • Do you think modern technology reduces or increases stress? Why?
    • Do you think robots will cause unemployment in the future? Why? Why not?
    • What do you think about GMO (genetically modified organisms) food?
    • What changes would you like to see science make to the world?

    Personal Technology Questions

    These questions will give students the possibility to talk or write about their personal background of using technology.

    • At what age did you have your first cell phone? Which one was it? What did you like about it?
    • What is the most important technology device in your daily life?
    • How often do you use a cell phone?
    • Do you think you are addicted to technology, like social media or your cell phone?
    • Which social networks do you use? Why?
    • Are you shopping online? Why and how often?
    • What device do you use to watch TV, Netflix or other TV shows?
    • How much time do you spend online every day?
    • How often do you play video games?
    • Do you usually buy apps in GoogleStore or AppStore?
    • What is your favorite website?
    • Do you stream music? Why? Why not?
    • Do you use a smartwatch? Why? Why not? 
    • What moment do you remember, when you were let down by technology?
    • Are you afraid of technology in the future?
    • Are you giving out lots of personal data?
    • What do you know about Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
    • Have you used the Internet to learn English?
    • How have technological advances affected our life?
    • What science fiction movies have you seen? Which ones did you like? Why?

    Controversial Questions about Technology in the Future

    • Will advancements in artificial intelligence lead to a loss of jobs for humans?
    • Should governments regulate the development and use of autonomous weapons?
    • Will virtual reality become a primary form of entertainment and communication in the future?
    • Should there be limits placed on the use of facial recognition technology by law enforcement?
    • Will the increasing use of technology lead to a loss of privacy for individuals?
    • Should there be limits on the use of genetic engineering to modify human embryos?
    • Will the widespread use of drones have a negative impact on personal privacy and security?
    • Should companies that collect large amounts of personal data be required to provide greater transparency about how that data is used?
    • Will the increasing dependence on technology lead to a loss of critical thinking skills in individuals?
    • Will the increasing use of automation in various industries lead to a widening income gap and increased social inequality?

    These questions are perfect to include into your conversation lessons. You can go in detail by using our Artificial Intelligence Questions. Another great option to start conversations are “Would You Rather” Questions or these fun speaking activities.

  • ESL Icebreakers: 8 Games & Activities For Students of All Ages

    ESL Icebreakers: 8 Games & Activities For Students of All Ages

    Tell me if this sounds familiar to you:

    You’re standing at the front of your ESL classroom (or sitting at your computer screen) and you’ve planned an amazing lesson out.

    You have a great Powerpoint and you’re excited to teach, but when you ask the first question to the class…

    Crickets.

    Your students (or student) don’t say anything. They’re all avoiding eye contact, looking at the floor, or shuffling their feet.

    Those awkward classroom moments are awful, but thankfully there’s a cure for them.

    Icebreaker activities help your students become more comfortable in the classroom – and get to know one another, and you, a little more.

    And the right icebreaker activity can transform your class, taking it from totally awkward to extremely fun and educational.

    Icebreaker Activities & Games for ESL Lessons

    So, what is an ESL icebreaker activity?

    Any game or activity you do at the beginning of class can be an icebreaker!

    ESL icebreakers usually get your class speaking in English with one another so they start practicing using the language and getting comfortable in the classroom.

    ESL icebreakers for kids usually involve more movement so the kids can get the wiggles out, while activities for adults might involve more free speaking and imaginative language.

    Icebreakers for beginners may include more movement or simple activities involving identifying colors and shapes, while icebreakers for more advanced speakers will encourage students to form fuller sentences on their own.

    Once you start implementing icebreakers in your class, you’ll get a better sense of what works for your learners.

    The Best ESL Icebreakers for Any Age and Ability Level

    Here are some of our favorite icebreakers for ESL students of all ages, in no particular order.

    1. Name Game

    • Student level: All levels
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This is a great game to play on the first day of class to help your students get to know each other.

    Simply have your students toss a ball to each other. Each one says their own name and then the name of the person they’re tossing the ball to – and no one can toss the ball back to the person who tossed it to them.

    You can also ditch the ball and have students say each other’s names if you’re teaching online.

    This game isn’t terribly complicated, but it will get your students talking and help them all remember one another’s names!

    2. Two Truths and a Lie

    • Student level: Intermediate/Advanced
    • Lesson type: Group or individual 
    • Setting: In person/Online

    You may have played this game before. 

    The rules are simple: Each player comes up with three facts about themselves. Two are true, and one is a lie. Everyone has to guess which statement is the lie, and whoever guesses correctly gets to go next.

    This game is great because it can be adapted to many levels and since the students learn about one another while also practicing their speaking and listening abilities.

    3. I’m Going on a Picnic

    • Student level: Intermediate
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This repeating game will have your class on the floor laughing while also challenging their memory skills and vocabulary.

    The way it works is that you go around the circle and each participant says a picnic item in alphabetical order. Each participant adds on another item, while repeating the items mentioned before. 

    So if the first participant says “I’m going on a picnic and I’m bringing apples,” the second might say, “I’m going on a picnic and I’m bringing apples and a blanket,” and the third would say, “I’m going on a picnic and I’m bringing apples, a blanket, and cake,” and so on. 

    As the string of words to remember becomes longer and longer, your students will be giggling trying to remember everything they’re bringing.

    4. Four Corners

    • Student level: Beginner/Intermediate
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person

    If you’re looking for a listening comprehension game that incorporates movement, you can’t do better than this game.

    In this game, you’ll ask students a question like “What’s your favorite food?” Then you’ll assign a different answer to each corner of the room, like noodles, pizza, burgers, and chicken.

    Students will run to the corner of the room that corresponds with their answer. 

    You can have students choose the questions and possible answers for this game, too!

    5. Jeopardy!

    • Student level: Intermediate/Advanced
    • Lesson type: Group/Individual
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This topical icebreaker is great to play online or in person. It’s better for intermediate to advanced students, but in general it’s pretty adaptable to meet your needs.

    You’ll create questions ahead of time and your students will try to answer them individually or in teams, racking up points for each correct answer they get.

    JeopardyLabs.com is a great online Jeopardy! quiz maker that you can use to make your very own Jeopardy! game. 

    You can make questions that are topical to your unit, about seasons or weather, or silly questions about your students themselves!

    6. Sit Down If

    • Student level: All levels
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This is an easy listening comprehension game to start class.

    Everyone starts standing, and then the teacher (or an appointed student) starts making statements, like “Sit down if you have a younger sister” or “Sit down if you’re wearing shorts”. 

    If you’re in a zoom class, you can have students turn their camera off or lower their hands instead of sitting down.

    The last person standing can be the next to make statements – or if your students are too young, you can continue to be the person making statements each round.

    7. Organize Yourselves

    • Student level: All levels
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person

    This game works best in person with a group of students. 

    Have the students line up in a row, organizing themselves by height or birthday…without speaking.

    They may not get much speaking practice in this game, but they will have to figure out how to communicate with each other and get along.

    8. Riddle Game

    • Student level: Intermediate/Advanced
    • Lesson type: Group/Individual
    • Setting: In person/online

    Students love playing this game, which can easily be done individually or in groups. 

    Choose a category like animals, and then have each student or team come up with something in the category and three clues to help others guess it. 

    For example, if a student chose an elephant as their animal, they might say “I’m gray…I have big floppy ears…I have a long trunk.”

    Whoever chooses correctly will go next!

    This is a great way to cover basic vocabulary like shapes and colors while also reviewing subjects you’ve learned in class.

    Incorporating Icebreaker Games Into Your ESL Class

    If you allot just 5-10 minutes at the beginning of your class for icebreakers, you’ll be astounded at the difference it makes.

    Your students will look forward to playing games at the beginning of each class, and it will make them more excited about English lessons. You can find more tips to engage your students and build a community in classroom here.

    You can also spend more time playing icebreakers at the beginning of the semester to get students excited, comfortable, and ready to learn.

    Read this post for ideas on ESL warm-up games and activities.

  • Fun ESL Warm Up Activities & Games for Adults & Kids

    Fun ESL Warm Up Activities & Games for Adults & Kids

    20 ESL Warm-Up Activities (+ Tips & FAQs)

    Warm-ups aren’t filler — they’re your lesson’s ignition. Ten focused minutes can double participation for the next forty.

    Whether you teach online or in-person, adults or children, beginners or advanced learners, the warm-up activities below will help you start every class on the right foot.

    Quick Navigation

    Why ESL Warm-Ups Matter More Than You Think

    Warm-ups aren’t just filler — they’re the foundation of an effective lesson.

    Here’s what a good 5–10-minute warm-up accomplishes:

    • Switches students’ brains into “English mode”
    • Reduces anxiety and builds speaking confidence
    • Reviews previous material naturally
    • Creates a positive, energetic classroom atmosphere
    • Helps late arrivals join without disrupting the flow

    The difference between a class that starts cold and one that begins with an engaging warm-up is dramatic. Students who warm up speak more freely, participate more actively, and retain more throughout the lesson.

    How to Choose the Right Warm-Up Activity

    • Student Level: Beginners need simpler vocabulary and structures. Advanced students need challenges that push their fluency.
    • Class Size: Some activities work better one-on-one, others shine with large groups.
    • Energy Level: Morning classes might need energizing activities. Evening classes with tired students might need something gentler.
    • Lesson Connection: The best warm-ups naturally lead into your main lesson topic.
    • Time Available: Have 5-minute and 10-minute options ready.

    Activity Quick Reference

    ActivityLevelClass SizeTimeMaterials
    Two Truths and a LieInt–AdvAny5–10 min—
    Twenty QuestionsAllAny5–8 min—
    Word AssociationBeg–Int3+3–5 min—
    CategoriesAllAny/Teams8–10 minTimer, list
    I SpyBeg–IntAny5–7 min—
    Hot SeatInt–Adv4+5–8 minBoard
    Alphabet GameBeg–IntAny5–7 min—
    Word MorphInt–AdvAny5–8 minBoard
    Would You RatherAllAny5–10 minPrompt list
    SnowmanBeg–IntAny5–7 minBoard
    Story ChainInt–Adv3+8–10 min—
    Find Someone WhoAll5+8–10 minWorksheet
    Last Letter GameBeg–IntAny5–7 min—
    Sentence BuildingBeg–IntAny5–8 min—
    PictionaryAllAny8–10 minBoard
    Fortunately/UnfortunatelyInt–AdvAny5–8 min—
    TabooInt–AdvAny8–10 minCards
    Desert IslandInt–AdvAny8–10 min—
    Describe and DrawAllPairs5–8 minPaper
    Compliment CircleAll3+5–7 min—

    20 Proven ESL Warm-Up Activities

    1. Two Truths and a Lie

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–10 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Each student prepares three statements about themselves — two true, one false.
    2. Students share their statements with the class.
    3. Classmates discuss and vote on which statement is the lie.
    4. The student reveals the answer.
    Why it works Students practice past tenses, present perfect, and descriptive language while learning about each other.
    Pro tip Go first to model. Use believable but surprising statements.

    Example: “I have visited 12 countries. I can speak three languages. I once met a famous actor.”

    2. Twenty Questions

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: —

    1. One person thinks of an object, person, or place.
    2. Others ask up to 20 yes/no questions to identify it.
    3. Optional first question: “Is it animal, vegetable, or mineral?”
    4. First correct guess chooses the next item.
    Why it works Correct question formation + careful listening; natural review of question structures.
    Pro tip For beginners, keep to concrete items; for advanced students, allow abstract concepts like “democracy”.

    3. Word Association Circle

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: 3+ · Time: 3–5 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Students stand (or sit) in a circle.
    2. Teacher says a starting word (e.g., “summer”).
    3. Each student quickly says a related word in turn.
    4. Hesitation or repetition = out (optional rule).
    Why it works Rapid vocabulary activation; speed prevents overthinking.
    Variation Theme it: only adjectives / only verbs / only unit vocabulary.

    Example chain: Apple → Red → Fire → Hot → Summer → Beach → Sand

    4. Categories (Scattergories Style)

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any/Teams · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Timer, category list

    1. Choose 5–6 categories and write them on the board.
    2. Pick a random letter (generator).
    3. Set 2 minutes; students write words for each category starting with that letter.
    4. Share answers; cross out duplicates; count points.
    Why it works Time pressure boosts recall; light competition increases engagement.
    Pro tip Avoid Q/X/Z for beginners. Beginner categories: animals, colors, food… Advanced: airport items, adjectives for people, irregular verbs.

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    5. I Spy

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. One person chooses a visible object.
    2. They say “I spy with my little eye something…” + one clue.
    3. Others guess; first correct becomes the next spyer.
    Why it works Natural review of descriptive vocabulary and prepositions; great online with backgrounds.

    6. Hot Seat

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: 4+ · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: Board or screen

    1. One student faces away from the board.
    2. Teacher writes a word on the board (class sees it).
    3. Class gives clues without saying the word.
    4. 60-second limit per word to keep pace.
    Why it works Definitions, synonyms, paraphrasing; strong for listening comprehension.

    7. The Alphabet Game

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Pick a category (food, countries, verbs).
    2. Go A→Z; each student adds one word for the next letter.
    3. Allow collaboration for Q/X/Z with beginners.
    Why it works Systematic recall; low anxiety; clear success criteria.

    8. Word Morph

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: Board

    1. Start with a simple 4–5 letter word (e.g., “BAKE”).
    2. Change one letter at a time to make a new valid word.
    3. Build the longest chain or loop back to the start.
    Why it works Spelling awareness + vocabulary retrieval; puzzle element boosts engagement.

    Example: BAKE → BIKE → BITE → SITE → SATE → MATE → MAKE → BAKE (loop)

    9. Would You Rather

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–10 minutes · Materials: Prompt list

    1. Present two options.
    2. Students choose and justify with 1–2 sentences.
    3. Encourage follow-up questions.
    Why it works Personal choice makes speaking meaningful.

    Ready-made prompts 120 “Would you rather” questions

    10. Snowman (Alternative to Hangman)

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: Board

    1. Think of a word and draw blank spaces.
    2. Correct guesses fill letters; wrong guesses add parts to the snowman.
    3. Win if the word is solved before completion.
    Why it works Low-pressure spelling + vocabulary review.
    Note Use snowman/spaceship/ladder imagery instead of the traditional hangman.

    11. Story Chain

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: 3+ · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Teacher starts with one sentence.
    2. Each student adds one sentence; go around 2–3 times.
    3. Last student provides an ending.
    Why it works Narrative fluency; sequencing; creative constraints possible.

    12. Find Someone Who

    Level: All levels · Class Size: 5+ · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Worksheet

    1. Prepare a list of statements (e.g., “has traveled to Asia”).
    2. Students mingle, ask questions, collect initials.
    3. First to complete wins (or most within time).
    Why it works Forces interaction beyond friend groups; natural practice of question forms.

    13. Last Letter Game

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. First student says a word (e.g., “cat”).
    2. Next word must start with the previous word’s last letter.
    3. Continue; optional elimination on repetition/hesitation.
    Why it works Quick activation; low-stakes competition.

    14. Sentence Building

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Start with “I run”.
    2. Each student adds exactly one word; keep it grammatical.
    3. Write the sentence as it grows; reset at ~10 words.
    Why it works Structure awareness; controlled complexity.

    Example: I run → I quickly run → I quickly run home → …

    15. Pictionary

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Board or digital whiteboard

    1. One student draws a word/phrase without letters or numbers.
    2. Others guess within 60 seconds.
    3. Next drawer = first correct guess or rotate by turn.
    Why it works Visual review feels like play; great for mixed levels.

    16. Fortunately/Unfortunately

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Teacher starts a story.
    2. Students alternate “Fortunately/Unfortunately …” sentences.
    3. Go 2–3 rounds and wrap.
    Why it works Cohesion, connectors, and fun emergent narratives.

    17. Taboo

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Cards

    1. Create cards with a target word + 3–5 taboo words.
    2. Describe without using taboo words; 60-second limit.
    3. Points for correct guesses.
    Why it works Circumlocution skills — crucial for fluency.

    18. Desert Island

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Each student picks three items to bring.
    2. Share and justify choices; optional class vote.
    Why it works Conditionals + justification; lively discussion.

    19. Describe and Draw

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Pairs · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: Paper

    1. Student A describes a simple picture (not shown).
    2. Student B draws based on the description only.
    3. Compare; switch roles.
    Why it works Clear instructions & prepositions; visual feedback reveals gaps.

    20. Compliment Circle

    Level: All levels · Class Size: 3+ · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Stand/sit in a circle.
    2. Each student gives a specific, genuine compliment to the person on their right.
    3. Use sentence frames with beginners.
    Why it works Positive climate; meaningful adjectives and structures.
    Guidelines Be specific & behavior-focused; allow opt-out; praise effort/skills/character.

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    Making Warm-Ups Work: Practical Tips

    • Keep them short. Five to ten minutes is ideal. Stop while the energy is high.
    • Match the energy you want. Choose active or calming tasks accordingly.
    • Rotate activities. Prevents boredom; keep a favorites list and cycle.
    • Connect to your lesson. Bridge into your topic when possible.
    • Read the room. If it flops, cut it and move on.
    • Prepare backups. Have no-materials options ready (esp. online).

    Common Warm-Up Mistakes to Avoid

    • Too complex. If rules take 5 minutes to explain, it’s not a warm-up.
    • Calling only volunteers. Use randomization to include shy students.
    • Letting it drag on. Set timers (60 seconds per turn is great).
    • Skipping when rushed. Skipping costs participation later.
    • Wrong difficulty. Too easy bores; too hard discourages.

    Adapting Warm-Ups for Different Contexts

    One-on-One Classes. Teacher joins as player. Great picks: Word Association, Would You Rather, Sentence Building.

    Large Classes (15+). Use teams/small groups. Good: Categories, Find Someone Who, Pictionary.

    Online Classes. Breakout rooms, whiteboards, screen sharing. I Spy works great with visible backgrounds. Snowman/Pictionary adapt easily.

    Mixed-Level Classes. Pair stronger with weaker; choose tasks where success isn’t level-dependent (Pictionary, Two Truths and a Lie).

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How long should an ESL warm-up last?

    Five to ten minutes. Shorter rarely settles students; longer eats core lesson time.

    Should warm-ups connect to the lesson topic?

    Ideally yes — bridging improves flow and retention. But general speaking warm-ups also have value.

    What if students don’t want to participate?

    Start with low-stakes games, normalize mistakes, and model enthusiasm. Reluctant students follow once they see peers enjoying it.

    Can I use the same warm-up every class?

    Keep variety, but one or two “anchor” warm-ups add comfort and routine, especially for young/beginner groups.

    What’s best for absolute beginners?

    I Spy and the Alphabet Game — simple vocab/structures, visual scaffolding.

    How do I manage time?

    Announce time upfront and stick to it. Stop at time — completion isn’t required for the warm-up to have worked.

    Final Thoughts

    Effective warm-ups transform your ESL classroom. They get students speaking immediately, reduce anxiety, and generate the positive energy that makes learning possible.

    Start with a few that match your style and student level, master those, then expand your repertoire. Your students will arrive eager, ready to speak, and confident — that’s the power of a great warm-up.

    What are your favorite ESL warm-up activities? Share them in the comments to help other teachers.

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  • 12 Fun ESL Speaking Activities for Teens or Adults (PDF)

    12 Fun ESL Speaking Activities for Teens or Adults (PDF)

    Every language teacher knows that speaking is a core skill to teach and practice, but sometimes it can be challenging coming up with creative or engaging ESL speaking activities and games. You can use them to improve the community feeling inside the classroom, too.

    Let’s dive into nine quick, easy, and fun ESL speaking activities for teenagers and adults you can integrate into your lessons or use in speaking clubs.

    They are designed to be high-quality and enjoyable – and mostly suitable for online lessons, too.

    They don’t need much preparation, but will get your students talking and help them to hone their conversational skills without even thinking about it.

    Related: For ready-made prompts to use with these activities, grab our 180 conversation starters and 120 Would You Rather questions.

    1. Interview Pop

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This is a great one for students to have fun and be creative. Put students in pairs, or you could also carry this one out in a one-one lesson.

    Students choose one person they want to interview. It can be anybody of their choice, and the person doesn’t necessarily have to be alive still.

    I tell students to choose someone they know a lot about or who they admire because then they’ll have more material to talk about when the speaking part of the activity comes around.

    Give each student a list of ten to fifteen verbs. (Can be the same list or different) See the example:

    • Decide
    • Hate
    • Love
    • Offer
    • Prefer
    • Move
    • Win
    • Continue
    • Buy
    • Wait
    • Consider
    • Change

    Each student has to choose five verbs from their list.

    They make a different question using one of their five verbs in each question; these questions are made for the person they want to interview.

    Each question will have a different verb.

    For example, let’s say a student chooses Barack Obama. They have to make five interview questions for Barack Obama, each question using a different verb from their list.

    Here are some examples:

    • How did you decide you want to become president?
    • Did you want to continue being president after your term finished?
    • What did you love about being the president?
    • What would you change about the USA?
    • What do you consider to be your greatest accomplishment as president?

    While I usually just come up with the verbs myself, you can also find some verb lists online, along with a list of people for your students to choose from.

    While the students are making their questions, go through the class and help students fix the grammatical mistakes.

    This is a great activity if you are practicing question formation as a grammar topic with your students.

    The students then give their partner the questions that they wrote and then assume the role of the person they wanted to interview, while their partner asks them the questions they just made.

    So this means that each student answers the questions from the perspective of the person they wanted to interview, as their partner asks them the questions.

    Go around and listen for mistakes.

    You could also then have students report to the class the person their partner chose and how they responded to the questions.

    2. Word Racing

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group

    A very interactive and high-energy ESL speaking activity. Many students get so into it and excited that they won’t even notice they are speaking in a foreign language and won’t even have time to think about making mistakes.

    All you need to prepare for the game is to write down 15-20 vocabulary terms you want to practice with your students, each term is written on a different small slip of paper. Give a stack of these slips to each group.

    You can also let the students write down the vocabulary (for example on the last topic they’ve learned) but then some words might be double and they also might not think of the words you want them to practice.

    Divide your students into groups of three or four and explain the rules of the game.

    One player from the first group starts. This student then has one minute to explain or define as many words written on their slips to their own group as they can, without saying the word they have on the card.

    They want their group to guess as many words as possible in one minute.

    Each time the members of the group guess a word, they put the card down, which gets them a point, and then they take a new card and repeat the same thing.

    Once the minute is over, the next group takes their turn.

    After the minute is up, each group counts their points and the group with the most points wins that round.

    If you have time to play more rounds, after all, words are guessed, put them back in the basket and let them play again, although this time they can only use one word to explain the word on the card, for example, a synonym or a word they associate with the word on the card.

    An example might be that if the word on the card is ‘handcuff’ then they say the word ‘police’ and the other students have to guess the word ‘handcuff’.

    Students only get one guess. Once a student guesses, the student must move on to the next card, whether the word was guessed correctly or not.

    In the last round, they act out or pantomime the words on their cards.

    Here’s a list with even more fun ESL vocabulary games for adults and kids.

    While there are many other good vocabulary-charades type games that can be done with both younger and older students, this one has been my favorite.

    3. Guess Who or What I Am

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Upper-Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This is a very simple but effective activity with no preparation needed and can be played in two versions.

    It’s usually more suitable for lower-level students but can also be used in intermediate or upper-intermediate students, especially for the other variation of the activity described below.

    In version one, one student thinks of a person – it could be someone in the class or a famous person, someone that everyone is likely to know – and the rest of the class asks them yes or no questions about the person until they can guess who it is.

    The student who guesses the person with the least amount of questions wins.

    In version two, one student goes in front of the door, while the rest of the class decides on a person. Then the student comes back in and has to ask the class yes or no questions until they can guess who the person is.

    Another variation of this game is to put students in groups and describe themselves from the perspective of an object, and the other students must guess what that object is in the quickest time possible.

    Each student in the group writes down an object and then speaks from the perspective of that object as if they were actually that object.

    For example, if one student chooses ‘handcuffs’ they would say something like:

    • “The police put me around somebody’s wrists when they break the law.”
    • “I have two round rings with chains connected them.”
    • “I am on a person on their way to prison.”

    Students shouldn’t do any gesturing or acting on this one because that will give it away. The student who is able to guess the most objects correctly wins.

    The reason I like this one more is that the students have to get a little bit more creative about expressing their ideas and they also tend to have more fun with this one.

    4. Would you rather…

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This is a great way to practice ‘would’ in the conditional form.

    There’s a lot of different ways you can organize this one. One of the easiest ways is to just come up with some of your own ideas (5-10 should be enough), type them out, and cut them up into cards.

    Go around the class and have a student draw a card, read it aloud, and then call on another student to answer it.

    The goal is to make the “Would you rather”  questions funny, crazy, interesting, or controversial. Think about what kind of questions you think would be fun to discuss if you were learning a foreign language.

    Bookmark our list of 110 “would you rather” questions, and you will never run out of great questions to discuss.

    Here are a few examples:

    • Would you rather give up your mobile phone or your pet?
    • Would you rather have $50,000 that is legal or $150,000 that is illegal?
    • Would you rather be the funniest person in the room or the most intelligent?
    • Would you rather have your first child when you are 19 years old or when you are 45?

    As stated before, you can make up your own. If you are doing a specific topic for your lesson, then you can try to make them as closely related to the topic as possible.

    For example, if the topic for your lesson is Meet the World’s Oldest Ice Hockey Player, then you might want to prepare some ‘would you rather’ questions about age or about hockey:

    • Would you rather stop aging at 17 or 35?
    • Would you rather date someone ten years older or ten younger?
    • Would you rather be a famous football player or a famous hockey player?

    Give each group or pair of students the same card and have each of them state their opinion about the topic on the card.

    You can give them a few minutes to take notes on their opinion and what they want to say before starting. Then students go around and say their opinion and support their argument.

    This is one is sure to bring some good conversations and even laughs in your class.

    You can also teach phrases on how to express opinions, such as:

    • “In my opinion…”
    • “I believe that…”
    • “In my eyes…”
    • “From my point of view…”

    In addition to this, you could also assign students to make their own “Would you rather…” topics for the class or other groups. Make sure they keep them appropriate!

    Help facilitate the conversations and ask follow-up questions while students are speaking.

    5. How-to Presentation

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This activity is great for a number of reasons: it’s simple to assign and explain, effective for students to develop speaking, and fun because it’s on a topic they’re interested in.

    It’s also practical because they’re teaching the class how to do something or how something works.

    Basically, all you need to do for ESL speaking activities like this one is have students choose some topic. It can be any appropriate topic according to their wishes.

    Then they give a five-minute presentation on that How-to topic.

    In order to get students cooperating together, you could also put them in pairs and have them decide on and organize the speech together.

    Here are some of the ones my students have done before and they turned out to be great:

    • How to cook [a food]
    • How to play [a sport]
    • How to travel cheap
    • How to do a magic trick
    • How to live healthily

    There are some great tips you can share with your students on giving a presentation in a foreign language.

    Have students prepare the speech at home or during the lesson, and then have them present their topic during the next lesson.

    You could take notes on their speaking or pronunciation mistakes while they present and go over them after the presentation.

    6. Living Memory

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This is a game based on the classic board game “memory” designed for lower-level students.

    Two students go out of the room (Student A and Student B). The rest of the class gets together in pairs.

    If you have an uneven number of students, one group can be in three.

    Each pair chooses a word according to the learning objective.

    For example, if your students are learning about food, then in pairs they will mutually agree on a meal or a food they both like. Then the two students come back into the classroom and these two students play against each other to gain points.

    To gain points, Student A starts off and asks any student in the class “What do you like eating?” and that student answers “I like eating…”, and then Student A asks another student what they like to eat.

    If the second student likes the same thing, then Student A gets one point. Then Student B goes and tries to match the pairs based on the food they mutually chose together.

    This is a fun game to practice vocabulary and simple phrases.

    You can make the game more interactive if students make gestures and movement demonstrating the type of food. For example, they gesture peeling a banana if the food they chose is ‘banana’.

    Other good questions are:

    • What is your favorite subject?
    • What do you like doing in your free time?
    • What time is it?

    7. Video Talk

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    Find a YouTube video topic that you think would be interesting for your students. I would choose a relatively short video (two to five minutes), or something like a TedTalk.

    Make some preview discussion questions about the topic presented in the video, go through them with students before watching, and then watch the video together.

    You can then have some questions prepared based on the video content and some post-discussion activities while going through some of the important vocabulary terms from the video.

    Students tend to love working with videos and there are so many good ones out there nowadays.

    Using video is effective because it brings the outside world to your students, and they can generate some great discussions in class, inspiring students to speak their mind and share their opinions and ideas.

    Browse our full archive of ESL resources and printables.

    8. Talk About Your Weekend

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This activity is a better choice if your students are happy talking but maybe are a bit nervous speaking in front of a class:

    Split the class into pairs.

    Students need to discuss their weekend with their partner.

    Use only English!

    You need to be observant with this type of activity. Keep an eye on each student’s talk time. 

    If you are finding some students are much more talkative than their partners, maybe set a time limit for how long each student can talk for before switching. This ensures that everyone gets a fair chance to practise.

    Information gap activities are great to practice conversation; get more ideas here.

    9. Timed Discussion

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This is another simple yet great activity for building confidence in speaking!

    Give the student a topic card, for instance, “Talk about your favorite place.” or “What’s your favorite band or artist?”

    The student has a certain amount of time to prepare some ideas for what they will say.

    The student then has to talk about that topic for a chosen amount of time.

    When starting out with this activity, make sure to give more time for preparation and less time for the presentation. 5 minutes of preparation time and 1 minute of the presentation should be plenty. 

    With time, you can reduce the preparation time or increase the presentation time.

    10. Debating Club

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    Prepare a list of controversial topics, and two opposing views about each topic.

    Split your students into pairs or small groups (each with an even number of students). Split each groups into two parties. Assign a topic to each group: each party has to hold an opposite view.

    Give them some time to prepare arguments for their standpoint. 5 to 10 Minutes should be enough.

    Then let each group debate their topic in front of the class. One party starts voicing their first argument, then the other answers.

    Each statement shouldn’t exceed 30 seconds – use a stopwatch with a countdown, so students know when they have to stop.

    The debate is over after a set time – for example 5 minutes – or when the parties stated all their arguments.

    After each debate, the whole class votes which party was more convincing and won the debate.

    If it’s an individual lesson, you and the student play the opposite parties – no final vote then.

    Make sure to prepare topics according to the fluency level of your students. The topics can be rather serious and controversial, or fun and weird.

    Here are a couple of examples:

    Current and serious topics:

    • Classroom instruction vs. Homeschooling
    • Self-driving cars: smart or dangerous
    • Buy local vs. buy online
    • Death sentence: yes or no
    • iOS vs. Android

    Fun and weird topics:

    • Vanilla vs. chocolate ice-cream
    • Get up early vs. go to bed late
    • Have no kids vs. have 5 kids
    • Travel to Mars vs. to the earth’s core
    • Sommer vs. Winter

    11. Taboo Words

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    Finally, and absolute classic activity. Split your students into groups, each with at least 3 three students.

    Prepare a list of words. For each word, think about 3-5 words which can be used to describe the original word. These can be synonyms, adjectives or any kind of related terms.

    Example:

    • Weather – rain, cloud, sun, forecast, outside
    • hungry – food, stomach, eat, restaurant, thirsty
    • to run – fast, quick, walk, race, legs

    Write the words on cards.

    Now, one student has to take one card and explain the word to the other in their group. Here’s the catch: He must not use one of the words on the card (also, no parts or variations of the words.). He must not use gestures, facial expressions or voices. He has to circumscribe the word using other verbal expressions.

    The rest of the group have to guess the word. Set a time for each round, like one minute. One group has to guess as many words as possible within that time; each guess is one point.

    When the explaining student uses one of the taboo words (or other taboo means), he has to skip the current word and continue with the next card.

    Count the points after each round. Then, the next group has its turn. The game is over, when each student in each group had their turn to explain words. Sum up the points; the group with the most wins.

    Other possible game modes: Let the groups guess one word alternating, and set a 30 seconds time limit for each guess. Or let a student explain a word to the whole class, and who guesses it first, gets a point.

    12. Story Chain

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This activity does not only help students develop their speaking and listening skills, it also fosters critical thinking skills, creativity, and imagination.

    Here’s how it works:

    1. Divide the group into small teams of 3–4 people each.
    2. Give each team a starting sentence, such as “Once upon a time, in a land far, far away.”
    3. Set a time limit, such as 5 minutes.
    4. Each team must take turns adding one sentence to the story, building from the previous sentence.
    5. The team that completes the most coherent story within the time limit wins.
    6. To make it more challenging, you can also include a specific vocabulary theme for the story, such as “animals” or “travel”, or you can include a twist, such as “the story must be a horror story”.
    7. After the activity, teams present their story to the class.
    8. Encourage the class to ask questions about the story to the teams.