Tag: grid-worksheets-tips

  • 180 ESL Conversation Starters and Questions (from Beginner to Pro)

    180 ESL Conversation Starters and Questions (from Beginner to Pro)

    Do you ever run out of ideas to keep your students speaking in English?
    These ESL conversation starters and ESL conversation questions will help you inspire fun, natural, and engaging discussions in class—no matter your students’ level.

    This list of 180 English conversation topics covers everything from everyday situations to creative “what if” questions, so you’ll always have something interesting to talk about. Use them as warm-ups, group activities, or full lessons to build fluency, confidence, and real-world communication skills.

    Whether you teach beginners or advanced learners, these speaking prompts will make your lessons more interactive and enjoyable—for both you and your students.

    Tip: Looking for more speaking practice? These pair perfectly with this list: our 120 Would You Rather questions for quick warm-ups, 12 fun speaking activities to get quieter classes talking, and conversation questions using conditionals if you want to work grammar into the discussion.

    Conversation Topics for Adults and Teens

    Adults and teens usually know more about advanced topics than children (politics, religion, etc.) That being said, knowing more on these topics doesn’t necessarily translate to being able to speak about these things easily so don’t assume they can do everything. Be aware of your student’s level and be prepared to reframe a question if they are struggling to understand. 

    Work

    • Where do you work?
    • Do you enjoy your job?
    • Do you use English for your job?
    • Tell me about your last job.
    • What do you think is the most difficult job in the world?
    • What do you think is the easiest job in the world?
    • Where would you work if you could pick any job?
    • Would you still work if you won the lottery?
    • Do you think robots will replace all the jobs in the future?
    • What kind of job should have the highest salary?

    In this post, you’ll get 20 topics and activities for Business English lessons.

    Music

    • Do you listen to music?
    • When did you start listening to music?
    • Do you play a musical instrument?
    • What do you think the future of music will be like?
    • If you could meet any musician, who would it be?
    • Why do people like music?
    • If you could erase a musical genre, which would it be?
    • Do you think musical success comes from working hard or luck?
    • What was the first album you bought?
    • Have you ever downloaded music illegally?

    Holidays

    • What is a holiday?
    • Do you often go on holiday?
    • Where did you last go on holiday?
    • Where would you like to go on holiday next?
    • Do you prefer relaxing or having an adventure on your holiday?
    • Is it weird to go on holiday by yourself?
    • What is the best food you’ve eaten while on holiday?
    • Can you imagine what holidays 500 years ago were like?
    • Would you like to go on holiday to space?
    • What do you think the future of the holidays will be like?

    Technology

    • What is technology?
    • What do you think of when you hear the word ‘technology’?
    • How has technology changed in the past?
    • How has technology changed your life?
    • Could you live without technology?
    • Find the full list of technology questions here

    Conversation Topics for Kids

    To engage a child in conversation, you have to enter their world. What is fun for them? What do they like to do? Using words/phrases like “wow”, “That sounds tasty”, “Awesome” can show you are listening to them and make things more fun which will get them saying more!

    Pets

    • Do you have a pet?
    • What do you think pets do in the day?
    • What do pets eat?
    • Are cats better or dogs?
    • What is the best name for a pet?
    • Would you like a pet spider?
    • Would you like to be an animal? Which one?
    • Why do we have pets?
    • Do you prefer cute or fun pets?
    • What is the best present for a pet?

    School

    • Do you like school?
    • What is your favorite subject?
    • What is your least favorite subject?
    • Who is your favorite teacher?
    • Why do people have to go to school?
    • Do you like homework?
    • What would you do if you were the headteacher?
    • How could schools be more fun?
    • How long are the summer holidays?
    • Can you learn and have fun at the same time?

    Movies

    • What is your favorite movie?
    • Who is your favorite character?
    • Who is your least favorite character?
    • Do you like Disney movies?
    • What was the last movie you saw at the cinema?
    • How often do you watch movies?
    • Do you wish you could live in a movie?
    • Why do you watch movies?
    • Do you prefer reading books or movies?
    • Do you watch any movies in English?

    Conversation Topics for Beginners

    Keeping the topics simple for beginners is a must at the start. Talking about their hobbies and family can help, as these are areas they may have already experience in talking about. If a student is really struggling, then giving them phrases to use such as “I like …” can help get the ball rolling.

    Food

    • What is your favorite food? Why do you like it?
    • Do you like to cook? What dishes can you make?
    • What foods are popular in your country?
    • Do you prefer eating at home or at restaurants? Why?
    • What is a typical breakfast in your home?
    • Have you ever tried food from another country? Did you like it?
    • Do you like spicy food? What spicy dishes have you tried?
    • What foods do you dislike? Why don’t you like them?
    • What is a traditional holiday food in your culture?
    • If you could only eat one food for the rest of your life, what would it be?

    Hobbies

    • What do you like to do?
    • Do you do any sports?
    • What types of movie do you like?
    • Do you play video games?
    • What do you usually do with friends?
    • Is learning English a hobby or work?
    • Do you have any unusual hobbies?
    • Do you have enough time for your hobbies?
    • What is a common hobby?
    • What do you think is a boring hobby?

    Family

    • Do you live with your family?
    • How many people are in your family?
    • Are you close with your family?
    • How often do you see your family?
    • What do you do with your family when you see them?
    • Is your family important to you?
    • Which is more important, friends or family?
    • Who is the weirdest person in your family?
    • Are families less important nowadays than in the past?
    • What would happen if we didn’t have families?

    Home

    • Where do you live?
    • What is there to do in your city?
    • What is your place like?
    • What is your neighbourhood like?
    • Are there any parks near where you live?
    • Have you ever lived elsewhere?
    • How many rooms does your place have?
    • If you moved, where would you like to live?
    • Would you prefer to live in the city or country?
    • Would you like to live abroad?

    Use information gap activities to help your students practice speaking: read our guide.

    Weird and Funny Conversation Starters

    Nobody wants to speak about the same mundane topics, especially if they’re an advanced student. Being able to mix it up is a great attribute to have as a teacher. Not only will you have memorable lessons with these conversation starters, but it will really test the ability of the students to think about topics they aren’t used to (instead of rolling off easy answers about familiar topics.)

    Fails

    • What’s the most epic fail you’ve ever witnessed in person?
    • Have you ever had a funny cooking fail? What happened, and how did it turn out?
    • What’s the most hilarious fashion fail you’ve ever seen or experienced?
    • Have you ever had a technology fail at the worst possible moment? What was the situation, and how did you handle it?
    • What’s the funniest sports fail you’ve ever seen, either in person or online?
    • Have you ever had a humorous translation fail when trying to communicate in a foreign language? What did you say, and what did you mean to say?
    • What’s the most amusing autocorrect fail you’ve ever experienced or seen?
    • Have you ever had a funny fail while trying to impress someone you liked? What happened, and how did they react?
    • What’s the most comical pet fail you’ve ever witnessed or heard about?
    • Have you ever had a hilarious DIY or home improvement fail? What went wrong, and how did you fix it?

    Zombie Apocalypse Plan

    • What is your zombie apocalypse plan?
    • Who would you take with you?
    • What would be your weapon of choice?
    • What would you do if a friend got bitten by a zombie?
    • What would you do if you got bitten by a zombie?
    • What food would you take with you?
    • Do you think governments should have a zombie apocalypse plan?
    • Do you think everyone should have a zombie apocalypse plan?
    • Is a zombie outbreak a likely scenario?
    • Why do you think there are so many movies and TV series based on zombies?

    Superpowers

    • If you could have a superpower, what would it be?
    • What do you think is the weirdest superpower in comic books?
    • Are some superpowers too powerful?
    • Would you like a superpower where you could turn things into gold by touching them?
    • What is the weakest superpower in a comic book?
    • Have we already seen every kind of superpower possible in a comic book?
    • Are there some people in the real world that have superpowers? (doctors etc)
    • Would you like a superpower where you could turn things into chocolate?
    • Would it be better to be super strong or super smart?
    • Would you like the power to travel through time?

    Magic Lamp

    • If you were granted 3 wishes, what would they be?
    • Is wishing for more wishes cheating?
    • Should there be any other rules for people granted wishes?
    • Have you seen any movies with a magic lamp?
    • Do you think there is a better object that could house a genie?
    • Why are we interested in stories of people having wishes?
    • Have any of your wishes come true in real life?
    • Do you make a wish when you blow out the candles on a cake?
    • Is it bad luck to tell someone what your wish is when blowing out the candles?
    • What other ways do people make wishes?

    Controversial Conversations Topics

    These are topics that you need to be careful with and use your judgement based on the student’s background. You need to wait until you know a student to find out what material is appropriate for them. That being said, If used correctly, then these can be really interesting and get the student thinking about “real issues”. 

    Technology and Society

    • Do you think social media has had a positive or negative impact on society? Why?
    • Should governments have the right to monitor citizens’ online activities for security purposes?
    • Is technology making people less social or more connected?
    • Do you believe that artificial intelligence will eventually take over many human jobs?
    • Should parents limit their children’s screen time and use of technology?
    • Is online privacy a fundamental human right, or should people accept less privacy in the digital age?
    • Do you think technology is making people smarter or more dependent on devices?
    • Should schools incorporate more technology in the classroom, or focus on traditional teaching methods?
    • Is the rise of fake news and misinformation on the internet a serious threat to democracy?
    • Do the benefits of technological advancement outweigh the potential negative consequences for society?

    Find more questions about social media and questions about technology here.

    Death Penalty

    • What do you think about the death penalty?
    • Do you know which countries still use the death penalty?
    • Why do you think some countries use the death penalty?
    • Do you know of any famous executions?
    • Should the death penalty be outlawed?
    • If we removed the death penalty then what punishment should replace it?
    • What is the most humane form of execution?
    • What would your “last meal” be?
    • Does the fear of the death penalty reduce crime?
    • How has execution changed over the years?

    Abortion

    • What is abortion?
    • Should abortion be legal?
    • Why do you think some people are “pro choice”?
    • Why do you think some people are “pro life”?
    • What do you think of abortion in cases where the baby was conceived due to rape?
    • What do you think of abortion in cases where the Mother’s life is in danger (due to being pregnant)?
    • Should the father “get a say” in the matter of abortion?
    • What advice would you give to a family member who was thinking of getting an abortion?
    • Should people be allowed to protest against abortion?
    • What do you think the future laws on abortion will be?

    Corruption

    • What is corruption?
    • Is there corruption in your country?
    • Why does corruption exist?
    • Would you consider taking a bribe?
    • Would you consider offering a bribe?
    • Are some types of corruption better than others?
    • Which countries have the most corruption?
    • Which countries have the least corruption?
    • Are there any stories of corruption that you can remember?
    • Is it possible to get rid of corruption entirely?

    Get a list of 110 “Would you rather” questions for your conversation lessons.

    Why Every Teacher Needs a List of Starters

    If you want to improve your student’s speaking ability, you need to master the art of conversation. You have to know how to get your students speaking, move the conversation forward, provide feedback and make it all feel natural. You also need engaging topics, and that is where this guide comes in.

    One of the problems that can face a teacher is knowing what to talk about. What do you do when you’ve finished talking about work, the weather and then realize that only 5 minutes have passed!

    This guide has everything you need to make sure you never run out of topics and most importantly, you always have something interesting to say.

    It is a good idea to pick a particular topic for a class (or even have your student pick if you want more engagement from them). Once you have that topic, then move through the questions, trying to get as much from each one as possible. 

    Browse our ESL teacher resources section for more tips and printable lesson materials.

    Additional Tips for Your Conversation Lessons

    Here are some additional tips to make sure your students are getting the most out of their conversation lessons and will be excited about coming back for more. Some of these will take time to internalize and get right but be aware of them and experiment to get them just right.

    Don’t feel like you have to stick rigidly to the list of conversation starters. If a question takes you down a different conversational thread then go with it. The important thing is that the student is talking, you can always return to “the script” later.

    Correcting a student immediately can often be useful, but in conversation, it can really kill the flow as well as a student’s confidence if done too often. A good idea is to make notes of any major problems and then mention them after a particular section instead. On top of this, try not to interrupt a student once they are speaking. For each answer, try to milk everything out of them that you can before you have “your turn to speak”.

    As well as the frequency of correction, consider the amount being corrected. Don’t feel like you have to correct EVERYTHING. Especially if a student is starting out and is a bit nervous. Pick a few problems areas and focus on that, if you mention too many things at once it can be overwhelming and can really lower a student’s confidence.

    Be strict when a student gives you short answers. If a student gives you an answer like “yes” then force more out of them with “yes… because” or “no… but”. The idea is to get them using the language more.

    Try to inject some personality when using these ESL conversation topics. It should feel more like a conversation rather than a robot giving an interview.

    Some students will struggle with certain subjects as they just don’t know enough about the topic. If it’s a bit of a challenge then push through but if they can’t even talk about a topic in their native language then it may be an idea to move on to another subject.

    Allowing a student to pick a topic can be a great way of engaging them more. This also has the added benefit of helping a younger student (such as a teenager) feel more empowered as they can make their own decisions.

    Get 18 statesman tips on giving great conversation for teens and adults in this post.

    Final Thoughts

    There you have it!

    All you need to make sure you never run out of things to say. Get these printed out as your go-to cheat sheets and bookmark this page so you can easily come back to them for future classes.

    Hopefully, these ESL conversation starters and questions will spark your own ideas for topics you can use in class. If you are teaching one-to-one, you could even write niche topics especially for that student’s interests (e.g skateboarding, knitting or chess).

    Remember, match the topics to the student’s level, keep it fun and once they start talking don’t get in the way!

  • 15 Engaging Community Building Activities for the Classroom

    15 Engaging Community Building Activities for the Classroom

    “We’re in this together!” is a phrase we all like and need to hear. Not only that it says that we’re supported and can rely on other people, but it also makes us feel understood, safe, accepted, and thus, empowered to contribute to the relationships with our “supporters”.

    A community classroom is precisely that – a place where students feel accepted, loved and connected to their peers and teacher, so they feel motivated to change, grow and learn.

    According to experts, community building is the foundation of a happy classroom. For students to be productive learners, they need a sense of belonging, as their emotional and social development is deeply connected to their learning. When young students enter the classroom for the first time, they actually enter a new community away from their family, so it is essential for them to feel both empowered and invested. Or in other words, a great deal of students’ energy for learning comes from their social connectedness. 

    As a teacher, you can try different community building activities and strategies that will help you create a belonging classroom for your students. Understandably, these may be conditioned by students’ age group, i.e. grade, however, they all focus on facilitating both students’ and teachers’ skills that are crucial for problem-solving, interaction, and teamwork. 

    Community building activities for the classroom

    Community Building Activities for Elementary Students

    When it comes to young students in elementary school, it is utterly important for teachers to get to know each child and set the foundations of trust and familiarity. You can play games or do projects that focus on the development of these aspects, but you can also make discussions where children can express their opinions and demonstrate who they are to their peers. 

    These community building activities will encourage students to work together, communicate, listen and think creatively.

    Storytelling Round Robin

    For this, community building activity, you’ll need a story of your preference. Have students seated at their desks and then start the game by reading the first line of the story. Then stop and tell each student to add a new line to the story, one by one, as they’d imagine the story continues.

    For example:

    Teacher: Once upon a time…

    Student A: …there was a squirrel…

    Student B: …its name was Pirri…

    Student C: …and she loved peanut butter cookies…

    Keep doing this until every student gets a turn.

    Additional idea: Write the story down and save it. Repeat the activity a few times throughout the year and create a printed storybook that you can give to your students at the end of the school year.

    Co-Created Rules Chart 

    Bring materials for creating a fun and colorful chart poster for the classroom and gather your students for this team activity. Discuss what makes them feel nice and happy in the classroom, and then explain why following rules is important for everyone.

    Guide your students in creating a chart of classroom rules together with you. Give each child a turn to suggest a rule. Write down the rules and leave a replaceable blank line under each rule (you can use an adhesive write-on strap).

    Explain to students that each time a rule is broken you’ll draw a frowned face under it. Change the tape every week and save it to count the frowned faces at the end of the month. Reward students if there are no more than 5 frowned symbols per month. 

    Birthday Line Up

    This is a fun and energetic activity. To prepare students for this activity, make sure they know the order of months and their birthday. The goal is to line up the students in order of their birthdays, starting from January to December. Tell them to go around and ask each other about their birthdays to figure out the order they need to make. Add an extra challenge by telling them to do it with pantomime instead of talking.

    Kind Mondays 

    This activity will teach students about the importance of encouraging and lifting their peers up. Start every school week by sitting with your students in a circle with their legs straight. Tell your students to compliment the classmate opposite them, say why they are good friends or what they like most about them. 

    Each time a student receives a compliment, they cross their legs. Make sure you change students’ positions and pair students that are not very close as friends to make them more interested in one another positively. 

    Creative Solutions

    Choose four random items and think of fun, challenging scenarios that you will later read to your students. Split your students into teams and present the scenario that each team will have to solve only with those four items.

    For example:

    You’re trapped in the jungle with Captain Hook…

    If you need more resources to engage your young-aged students, look at these warm-up activities for kids.

    Community Building Activities for Middle School Students

    The quality of the social and academic achievements of middle school children becomes better when they feel that they belong. Considering that middle school is a transitional period and the very beginning of puberty, it is important that teachers incorporate activities that will help students of this age feel accepted and active in their learning environment and thus cultivate their sense of belonging.

    Step into My Shoes

    Learning about diversity can be fun and very helpful for students to learn how to interact and relate with people who are different from themselves. 

    Prepare a reading sheet with scrambled letters (free download below) and hand out a copy to each student. Ask for students to read the sheet aloud. After students have struggled reading, read the full text from the answer sheet. Ask students how it felt to read this and explain that this is how people with learning disabilities usually feel despite their intelligence (dyslexia, dyscalculia).

    Ask students if people with learning disabilities can make important contributions to society (give examples- Walt Disney, Albert Einstein, Tom Cruise). Conclude that people with learning disabilities have similar feelings to the ones they’ve experienced.

    Walk Apart-Walk Together

    With this activity, you will help students recognize differences among peers and the similarities they share. Ask two volunteers to come forward and stand back to back. Ask other students to call out things that are different about the two volunteers. 

    For each difference, the volunteers take one step away from each other. When they finally reach the end of the walking space, tell them to turn and face each other. Next, tell students to call out similarities of the two volunteers. The volunteers take a step toward each other as each similarity is listed. Talk about the differences that are easy to see and mention but also the similarities that are sometimes not visible (interests, goals, preferences).

    Anti-Bullying Campaign

    Ask students to give examples of bullying behavior and then inform them about the possible consequences, like low grades, health issues, depression, etc. Tell students that you’re going to create an anti-bullying campaign together and present it to other classes in the school. 

    Divide students into 3 groups and tell them to think of things that demonstrate kindness as opposite to bullying behavior. Write them on the board. 

    Then give them the following tasks: creating an anti-bullying poster with messages that encourage nonviolent behavior, a song or YouTube video with a message against bullying, writing anti-bullying and pro-kindness tear-off messages, and creating anti-bullying memes and hashtags. Present these in front of other classes and spread the campaign in your school.

    Paper Tweets

    Create a bulletin board modeled according to a social media profile (e.g. Facebook or Twitter). Each student creates a profile and includes at least three followers- a close friend and two other classmates they don’t interact with much. The student writes their current mood, a problem or news and their followers respond.

    After-School Hangouts

    Make sure you schedule a monthly informal after-school gathering where you’d invite both parents and students. If the weather is nice, you can do this in the schoolyard or even have a picnic in the park, for example. 

    Tell students that they can bring food or drinks if they want and share them. Bring a portable speaker and play some relaxing music while chit-chatting together. This type of activity allows teachers, students, and parents to interact on a different level and build deeper connections.

    Community Building Activities for College School Students

    Building a community in the college environment can be challenging and require creative thinking. Most college students are commuters or have jobs, so college instructors ought to focus on activities that will build community among students and within the classroom.

    Two Truths and A Lie (Icebreaker Activity)

    Students write down two truths about themselves and one lie. Then they present the three “facts” to the rest of the group, who tries to guess which one is the lie.

    Weekly Class Meetings

    Meeting and talking for 15 to 30 minutes with your students at the beginning of each week is one of the simplest but effective ways to build classroom community. And it doesn’t need to be complex or specific, just ask how everyone is doing, what are their goals for the week, and what they’re doing to meet those goals. This also works via Zoom in times of COVID-19.

    Gratitude Journal

    Thinking about and expressing gratitude is a fun and mindful community building activity for older students. Ask your students to create a gratitude journal and write 5 things they feel grateful for at the beginning or end of the class. Ask students to share what’s on their list.

    I Wish My Teacher Knew…

    Though college students are adults, they might not always feel encouraged enough to speak out in the classroom and share their opinion about things. This activity will give them a voice and value their perspective. 

    Create printable comment cards that read, I wish my teacher knew… with a blank line for students to fill out. Hand out the cards to students who can return them anonymously, and then you can read them aloud.

    Compliments Ritual

    Students like to hear that they’re doing well or that someone believes in their potential. Create a ritual at the beginning or at the end of the class where students would stand in a circle and give compliments to each other to recognize their work and positive traits.

    Here are even more activities that are perfect for engaging teenagers.

    Wrap up

    Community classrooms can effectively impact students’ personal development and provide stronger motivation to learn. Studies have shown that community classroom students more often state that at school they feel at home or that they care about their classmates. And that, to conclude, results in greater social competence, higher educational expectations, and stronger problem-solving skills.

    If you want more tips on how to improve your classes, you can look at many other activities for your students of every age here.

  • ESL Icebreakers: 8 Games & Activities For Students of All Ages

    ESL Icebreakers: 8 Games & Activities For Students of All Ages

    Tell me if this sounds familiar to you:

    You’re standing at the front of your ESL classroom (or sitting at your computer screen) and you’ve planned an amazing lesson out.

    You have a great Powerpoint and you’re excited to teach, but when you ask the first question to the class…

    Crickets.

    Your students (or student) don’t say anything. They’re all avoiding eye contact, looking at the floor, or shuffling their feet.

    Those awkward classroom moments are awful, but thankfully there’s a cure for them.

    Icebreaker activities help your students become more comfortable in the classroom – and get to know one another, and you, a little more.

    And the right icebreaker activity can transform your class, taking it from totally awkward to extremely fun and educational.

    Icebreaker Activities & Games for ESL Lessons

    So, what is an ESL icebreaker activity?

    Any game or activity you do at the beginning of class can be an icebreaker!

    ESL icebreakers usually get your class speaking in English with one another so they start practicing using the language and getting comfortable in the classroom.

    ESL icebreakers for kids usually involve more movement so the kids can get the wiggles out, while activities for adults might involve more free speaking and imaginative language.

    Icebreakers for beginners may include more movement or simple activities involving identifying colors and shapes, while icebreakers for more advanced speakers will encourage students to form fuller sentences on their own.

    Once you start implementing icebreakers in your class, you’ll get a better sense of what works for your learners.

    The Best ESL Icebreakers for Any Age and Ability Level

    Here are some of our favorite icebreakers for ESL students of all ages, in no particular order.

    1. Name Game

    • Student level: All levels
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This is a great game to play on the first day of class to help your students get to know each other.

    Simply have your students toss a ball to each other. Each one says their own name and then the name of the person they’re tossing the ball to – and no one can toss the ball back to the person who tossed it to them.

    You can also ditch the ball and have students say each other’s names if you’re teaching online.

    This game isn’t terribly complicated, but it will get your students talking and help them all remember one another’s names!

    2. Two Truths and a Lie

    • Student level: Intermediate/Advanced
    • Lesson type: Group or individual 
    • Setting: In person/Online

    You may have played this game before. 

    The rules are simple: Each player comes up with three facts about themselves. Two are true, and one is a lie. Everyone has to guess which statement is the lie, and whoever guesses correctly gets to go next.

    This game is great because it can be adapted to many levels and since the students learn about one another while also practicing their speaking and listening abilities.

    3. I’m Going on a Picnic

    • Student level: Intermediate
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This repeating game will have your class on the floor laughing while also challenging their memory skills and vocabulary.

    The way it works is that you go around the circle and each participant says a picnic item in alphabetical order. Each participant adds on another item, while repeating the items mentioned before. 

    So if the first participant says “I’m going on a picnic and I’m bringing apples,” the second might say, “I’m going on a picnic and I’m bringing apples and a blanket,” and the third would say, “I’m going on a picnic and I’m bringing apples, a blanket, and cake,” and so on. 

    As the string of words to remember becomes longer and longer, your students will be giggling trying to remember everything they’re bringing.

    4. Four Corners

    • Student level: Beginner/Intermediate
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person

    If you’re looking for a listening comprehension game that incorporates movement, you can’t do better than this game.

    In this game, you’ll ask students a question like “What’s your favorite food?” Then you’ll assign a different answer to each corner of the room, like noodles, pizza, burgers, and chicken.

    Students will run to the corner of the room that corresponds with their answer. 

    You can have students choose the questions and possible answers for this game, too!

    5. Jeopardy!

    • Student level: Intermediate/Advanced
    • Lesson type: Group/Individual
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This topical icebreaker is great to play online or in person. It’s better for intermediate to advanced students, but in general it’s pretty adaptable to meet your needs.

    You’ll create questions ahead of time and your students will try to answer them individually or in teams, racking up points for each correct answer they get.

    JeopardyLabs.com is a great online Jeopardy! quiz maker that you can use to make your very own Jeopardy! game. 

    You can make questions that are topical to your unit, about seasons or weather, or silly questions about your students themselves!

    6. Sit Down If

    • Student level: All levels
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person/Online

    This is an easy listening comprehension game to start class.

    Everyone starts standing, and then the teacher (or an appointed student) starts making statements, like “Sit down if you have a younger sister” or “Sit down if you’re wearing shorts”. 

    If you’re in a zoom class, you can have students turn their camera off or lower their hands instead of sitting down.

    The last person standing can be the next to make statements – or if your students are too young, you can continue to be the person making statements each round.

    7. Organize Yourselves

    • Student level: All levels
    • Lesson type: Group
    • Setting: In person

    This game works best in person with a group of students. 

    Have the students line up in a row, organizing themselves by height or birthday…without speaking.

    They may not get much speaking practice in this game, but they will have to figure out how to communicate with each other and get along.

    8. Riddle Game

    • Student level: Intermediate/Advanced
    • Lesson type: Group/Individual
    • Setting: In person/online

    Students love playing this game, which can easily be done individually or in groups. 

    Choose a category like animals, and then have each student or team come up with something in the category and three clues to help others guess it. 

    For example, if a student chose an elephant as their animal, they might say “I’m gray…I have big floppy ears…I have a long trunk.”

    Whoever chooses correctly will go next!

    This is a great way to cover basic vocabulary like shapes and colors while also reviewing subjects you’ve learned in class.

    Incorporating Icebreaker Games Into Your ESL Class

    If you allot just 5-10 minutes at the beginning of your class for icebreakers, you’ll be astounded at the difference it makes.

    Your students will look forward to playing games at the beginning of each class, and it will make them more excited about English lessons. You can find more tips to engage your students and build a community in classroom here.

    You can also spend more time playing icebreakers at the beginning of the semester to get students excited, comfortable, and ready to learn.

    Read this post for ideas on ESL warm-up games and activities.

  • Fun ESL Warm Up Activities & Games for Adults & Kids

    Fun ESL Warm Up Activities & Games for Adults & Kids

    20 ESL Warm-Up Activities (+ Tips & FAQs)

    Warm-ups aren’t filler — they’re your lesson’s ignition. Ten focused minutes can double participation for the next forty.

    Whether you teach online or in-person, adults or children, beginners or advanced learners, the warm-up activities below will help you start every class on the right foot.

    Quick Navigation

    Why ESL Warm-Ups Matter More Than You Think

    Warm-ups aren’t just filler — they’re the foundation of an effective lesson.

    Here’s what a good 5–10-minute warm-up accomplishes:

    • Switches students’ brains into “English mode”
    • Reduces anxiety and builds speaking confidence
    • Reviews previous material naturally
    • Creates a positive, energetic classroom atmosphere
    • Helps late arrivals join without disrupting the flow

    The difference between a class that starts cold and one that begins with an engaging warm-up is dramatic. Students who warm up speak more freely, participate more actively, and retain more throughout the lesson.

    How to Choose the Right Warm-Up Activity

    • Student Level: Beginners need simpler vocabulary and structures. Advanced students need challenges that push their fluency.
    • Class Size: Some activities work better one-on-one, others shine with large groups.
    • Energy Level: Morning classes might need energizing activities. Evening classes with tired students might need something gentler.
    • Lesson Connection: The best warm-ups naturally lead into your main lesson topic.
    • Time Available: Have 5-minute and 10-minute options ready.

    Activity Quick Reference

    ActivityLevelClass SizeTimeMaterials
    Two Truths and a LieInt–AdvAny5–10 min—
    Twenty QuestionsAllAny5–8 min—
    Word AssociationBeg–Int3+3–5 min—
    CategoriesAllAny/Teams8–10 minTimer, list
    I SpyBeg–IntAny5–7 min—
    Hot SeatInt–Adv4+5–8 minBoard
    Alphabet GameBeg–IntAny5–7 min—
    Word MorphInt–AdvAny5–8 minBoard
    Would You RatherAllAny5–10 minPrompt list
    SnowmanBeg–IntAny5–7 minBoard
    Story ChainInt–Adv3+8–10 min—
    Find Someone WhoAll5+8–10 minWorksheet
    Last Letter GameBeg–IntAny5–7 min—
    Sentence BuildingBeg–IntAny5–8 min—
    PictionaryAllAny8–10 minBoard
    Fortunately/UnfortunatelyInt–AdvAny5–8 min—
    TabooInt–AdvAny8–10 minCards
    Desert IslandInt–AdvAny8–10 min—
    Describe and DrawAllPairs5–8 minPaper
    Compliment CircleAll3+5–7 min—

    20 Proven ESL Warm-Up Activities

    1. Two Truths and a Lie

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–10 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Each student prepares three statements about themselves — two true, one false.
    2. Students share their statements with the class.
    3. Classmates discuss and vote on which statement is the lie.
    4. The student reveals the answer.
    Why it works Students practice past tenses, present perfect, and descriptive language while learning about each other.
    Pro tip Go first to model. Use believable but surprising statements.

    Example: “I have visited 12 countries. I can speak three languages. I once met a famous actor.”

    2. Twenty Questions

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: —

    1. One person thinks of an object, person, or place.
    2. Others ask up to 20 yes/no questions to identify it.
    3. Optional first question: “Is it animal, vegetable, or mineral?”
    4. First correct guess chooses the next item.
    Why it works Correct question formation + careful listening; natural review of question structures.
    Pro tip For beginners, keep to concrete items; for advanced students, allow abstract concepts like “democracy”.

    3. Word Association Circle

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: 3+ · Time: 3–5 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Students stand (or sit) in a circle.
    2. Teacher says a starting word (e.g., “summer”).
    3. Each student quickly says a related word in turn.
    4. Hesitation or repetition = out (optional rule).
    Why it works Rapid vocabulary activation; speed prevents overthinking.
    Variation Theme it: only adjectives / only verbs / only unit vocabulary.

    Example chain: Apple → Red → Fire → Hot → Summer → Beach → Sand

    4. Categories (Scattergories Style)

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any/Teams · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Timer, category list

    1. Choose 5–6 categories and write them on the board.
    2. Pick a random letter (generator).
    3. Set 2 minutes; students write words for each category starting with that letter.
    4. Share answers; cross out duplicates; count points.
    Why it works Time pressure boosts recall; light competition increases engagement.
    Pro tip Avoid Q/X/Z for beginners. Beginner categories: animals, colors, food… Advanced: airport items, adjectives for people, irregular verbs.

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    5. I Spy

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. One person chooses a visible object.
    2. They say “I spy with my little eye something…” + one clue.
    3. Others guess; first correct becomes the next spyer.
    Why it works Natural review of descriptive vocabulary and prepositions; great online with backgrounds.

    6. Hot Seat

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: 4+ · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: Board or screen

    1. One student faces away from the board.
    2. Teacher writes a word on the board (class sees it).
    3. Class gives clues without saying the word.
    4. 60-second limit per word to keep pace.
    Why it works Definitions, synonyms, paraphrasing; strong for listening comprehension.

    7. The Alphabet Game

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Pick a category (food, countries, verbs).
    2. Go A→Z; each student adds one word for the next letter.
    3. Allow collaboration for Q/X/Z with beginners.
    Why it works Systematic recall; low anxiety; clear success criteria.

    8. Word Morph

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: Board

    1. Start with a simple 4–5 letter word (e.g., “BAKE”).
    2. Change one letter at a time to make a new valid word.
    3. Build the longest chain or loop back to the start.
    Why it works Spelling awareness + vocabulary retrieval; puzzle element boosts engagement.

    Example: BAKE → BIKE → BITE → SITE → SATE → MATE → MAKE → BAKE (loop)

    9. Would You Rather

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–10 minutes · Materials: Prompt list

    1. Present two options.
    2. Students choose and justify with 1–2 sentences.
    3. Encourage follow-up questions.
    Why it works Personal choice makes speaking meaningful.

    Ready-made prompts 120 “Would you rather” questions

    10. Snowman (Alternative to Hangman)

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: Board

    1. Think of a word and draw blank spaces.
    2. Correct guesses fill letters; wrong guesses add parts to the snowman.
    3. Win if the word is solved before completion.
    Why it works Low-pressure spelling + vocabulary review.
    Note Use snowman/spaceship/ladder imagery instead of the traditional hangman.

    11. Story Chain

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: 3+ · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Teacher starts with one sentence.
    2. Each student adds one sentence; go around 2–3 times.
    3. Last student provides an ending.
    Why it works Narrative fluency; sequencing; creative constraints possible.

    12. Find Someone Who

    Level: All levels · Class Size: 5+ · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Worksheet

    1. Prepare a list of statements (e.g., “has traveled to Asia”).
    2. Students mingle, ask questions, collect initials.
    3. First to complete wins (or most within time).
    Why it works Forces interaction beyond friend groups; natural practice of question forms.

    13. Last Letter Game

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. First student says a word (e.g., “cat”).
    2. Next word must start with the previous word’s last letter.
    3. Continue; optional elimination on repetition/hesitation.
    Why it works Quick activation; low-stakes competition.

    14. Sentence Building

    Level: Beginner to Intermediate · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Start with “I run”.
    2. Each student adds exactly one word; keep it grammatical.
    3. Write the sentence as it grows; reset at ~10 words.
    Why it works Structure awareness; controlled complexity.

    Example: I run → I quickly run → I quickly run home → …

    15. Pictionary

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Any · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Board or digital whiteboard

    1. One student draws a word/phrase without letters or numbers.
    2. Others guess within 60 seconds.
    3. Next drawer = first correct guess or rotate by turn.
    Why it works Visual review feels like play; great for mixed levels.

    16. Fortunately/Unfortunately

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Teacher starts a story.
    2. Students alternate “Fortunately/Unfortunately …” sentences.
    3. Go 2–3 rounds and wrap.
    Why it works Cohesion, connectors, and fun emergent narratives.

    17. Taboo

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: Cards

    1. Create cards with a target word + 3–5 taboo words.
    2. Describe without using taboo words; 60-second limit.
    3. Points for correct guesses.
    Why it works Circumlocution skills — crucial for fluency.

    18. Desert Island

    Level: Intermediate to Advanced · Class Size: Any · Time: 8–10 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Each student picks three items to bring.
    2. Share and justify choices; optional class vote.
    Why it works Conditionals + justification; lively discussion.

    19. Describe and Draw

    Level: All levels · Class Size: Pairs · Time: 5–8 minutes · Materials: Paper

    1. Student A describes a simple picture (not shown).
    2. Student B draws based on the description only.
    3. Compare; switch roles.
    Why it works Clear instructions & prepositions; visual feedback reveals gaps.

    20. Compliment Circle

    Level: All levels · Class Size: 3+ · Time: 5–7 minutes · Materials: —

    1. Stand/sit in a circle.
    2. Each student gives a specific, genuine compliment to the person on their right.
    3. Use sentence frames with beginners.
    Why it works Positive climate; meaningful adjectives and structures.
    Guidelines Be specific & behavior-focused; allow opt-out; praise effort/skills/character.

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    Making Warm-Ups Work: Practical Tips

    • Keep them short. Five to ten minutes is ideal. Stop while the energy is high.
    • Match the energy you want. Choose active or calming tasks accordingly.
    • Rotate activities. Prevents boredom; keep a favorites list and cycle.
    • Connect to your lesson. Bridge into your topic when possible.
    • Read the room. If it flops, cut it and move on.
    • Prepare backups. Have no-materials options ready (esp. online).

    Common Warm-Up Mistakes to Avoid

    • Too complex. If rules take 5 minutes to explain, it’s not a warm-up.
    • Calling only volunteers. Use randomization to include shy students.
    • Letting it drag on. Set timers (60 seconds per turn is great).
    • Skipping when rushed. Skipping costs participation later.
    • Wrong difficulty. Too easy bores; too hard discourages.

    Adapting Warm-Ups for Different Contexts

    One-on-One Classes. Teacher joins as player. Great picks: Word Association, Would You Rather, Sentence Building.

    Large Classes (15+). Use teams/small groups. Good: Categories, Find Someone Who, Pictionary.

    Online Classes. Breakout rooms, whiteboards, screen sharing. I Spy works great with visible backgrounds. Snowman/Pictionary adapt easily.

    Mixed-Level Classes. Pair stronger with weaker; choose tasks where success isn’t level-dependent (Pictionary, Two Truths and a Lie).

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How long should an ESL warm-up last?

    Five to ten minutes. Shorter rarely settles students; longer eats core lesson time.

    Should warm-ups connect to the lesson topic?

    Ideally yes — bridging improves flow and retention. But general speaking warm-ups also have value.

    What if students don’t want to participate?

    Start with low-stakes games, normalize mistakes, and model enthusiasm. Reluctant students follow once they see peers enjoying it.

    Can I use the same warm-up every class?

    Keep variety, but one or two “anchor” warm-ups add comfort and routine, especially for young/beginner groups.

    What’s best for absolute beginners?

    I Spy and the Alphabet Game — simple vocab/structures, visual scaffolding.

    How do I manage time?

    Announce time upfront and stick to it. Stop at time — completion isn’t required for the warm-up to have worked.

    Final Thoughts

    Effective warm-ups transform your ESL classroom. They get students speaking immediately, reduce anxiety, and generate the positive energy that makes learning possible.

    Start with a few that match your style and student level, master those, then expand your repertoire. Your students will arrive eager, ready to speak, and confident — that’s the power of a great warm-up.

    What are your favorite ESL warm-up activities? Share them in the comments to help other teachers.

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  • 12 Fun ESL Speaking Activities for Teens or Adults (PDF)

    12 Fun ESL Speaking Activities for Teens or Adults (PDF)

    Every language teacher knows that speaking is a core skill to teach and practice, but sometimes it can be challenging coming up with creative or engaging ESL speaking activities and games. You can use them to improve the community feeling inside the classroom, too.

    Let’s dive into nine quick, easy, and fun ESL speaking activities for teenagers and adults you can integrate into your lessons or use in speaking clubs.

    They are designed to be high-quality and enjoyable – and mostly suitable for online lessons, too.

    They don’t need much preparation, but will get your students talking and help them to hone their conversational skills without even thinking about it.

    Related: For ready-made prompts to use with these activities, grab our 180 conversation starters and 120 Would You Rather questions.

    1. Interview Pop

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This is a great one for students to have fun and be creative. Put students in pairs, or you could also carry this one out in a one-one lesson.

    Students choose one person they want to interview. It can be anybody of their choice, and the person doesn’t necessarily have to be alive still.

    I tell students to choose someone they know a lot about or who they admire because then they’ll have more material to talk about when the speaking part of the activity comes around.

    Give each student a list of ten to fifteen verbs. (Can be the same list or different) See the example:

    • Decide
    • Hate
    • Love
    • Offer
    • Prefer
    • Move
    • Win
    • Continue
    • Buy
    • Wait
    • Consider
    • Change

    Each student has to choose five verbs from their list.

    They make a different question using one of their five verbs in each question; these questions are made for the person they want to interview.

    Each question will have a different verb.

    For example, let’s say a student chooses Barack Obama. They have to make five interview questions for Barack Obama, each question using a different verb from their list.

    Here are some examples:

    • How did you decide you want to become president?
    • Did you want to continue being president after your term finished?
    • What did you love about being the president?
    • What would you change about the USA?
    • What do you consider to be your greatest accomplishment as president?

    While I usually just come up with the verbs myself, you can also find some verb lists online, along with a list of people for your students to choose from.

    While the students are making their questions, go through the class and help students fix the grammatical mistakes.

    This is a great activity if you are practicing question formation as a grammar topic with your students.

    The students then give their partner the questions that they wrote and then assume the role of the person they wanted to interview, while their partner asks them the questions they just made.

    So this means that each student answers the questions from the perspective of the person they wanted to interview, as their partner asks them the questions.

    Go around and listen for mistakes.

    You could also then have students report to the class the person their partner chose and how they responded to the questions.

    2. Word Racing

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group

    A very interactive and high-energy ESL speaking activity. Many students get so into it and excited that they won’t even notice they are speaking in a foreign language and won’t even have time to think about making mistakes.

    All you need to prepare for the game is to write down 15-20 vocabulary terms you want to practice with your students, each term is written on a different small slip of paper. Give a stack of these slips to each group.

    You can also let the students write down the vocabulary (for example on the last topic they’ve learned) but then some words might be double and they also might not think of the words you want them to practice.

    Divide your students into groups of three or four and explain the rules of the game.

    One player from the first group starts. This student then has one minute to explain or define as many words written on their slips to their own group as they can, without saying the word they have on the card.

    They want their group to guess as many words as possible in one minute.

    Each time the members of the group guess a word, they put the card down, which gets them a point, and then they take a new card and repeat the same thing.

    Once the minute is over, the next group takes their turn.

    After the minute is up, each group counts their points and the group with the most points wins that round.

    If you have time to play more rounds, after all, words are guessed, put them back in the basket and let them play again, although this time they can only use one word to explain the word on the card, for example, a synonym or a word they associate with the word on the card.

    An example might be that if the word on the card is ‘handcuff’ then they say the word ‘police’ and the other students have to guess the word ‘handcuff’.

    Students only get one guess. Once a student guesses, the student must move on to the next card, whether the word was guessed correctly or not.

    In the last round, they act out or pantomime the words on their cards.

    Here’s a list with even more fun ESL vocabulary games for adults and kids.

    While there are many other good vocabulary-charades type games that can be done with both younger and older students, this one has been my favorite.

    3. Guess Who or What I Am

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Upper-Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This is a very simple but effective activity with no preparation needed and can be played in two versions.

    It’s usually more suitable for lower-level students but can also be used in intermediate or upper-intermediate students, especially for the other variation of the activity described below.

    In version one, one student thinks of a person – it could be someone in the class or a famous person, someone that everyone is likely to know – and the rest of the class asks them yes or no questions about the person until they can guess who it is.

    The student who guesses the person with the least amount of questions wins.

    In version two, one student goes in front of the door, while the rest of the class decides on a person. Then the student comes back in and has to ask the class yes or no questions until they can guess who the person is.

    Another variation of this game is to put students in groups and describe themselves from the perspective of an object, and the other students must guess what that object is in the quickest time possible.

    Each student in the group writes down an object and then speaks from the perspective of that object as if they were actually that object.

    For example, if one student chooses ‘handcuffs’ they would say something like:

    • “The police put me around somebody’s wrists when they break the law.”
    • “I have two round rings with chains connected them.”
    • “I am on a person on their way to prison.”

    Students shouldn’t do any gesturing or acting on this one because that will give it away. The student who is able to guess the most objects correctly wins.

    The reason I like this one more is that the students have to get a little bit more creative about expressing their ideas and they also tend to have more fun with this one.

    4. Would you rather…

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This is a great way to practice ‘would’ in the conditional form.

    There’s a lot of different ways you can organize this one. One of the easiest ways is to just come up with some of your own ideas (5-10 should be enough), type them out, and cut them up into cards.

    Go around the class and have a student draw a card, read it aloud, and then call on another student to answer it.

    The goal is to make the “Would you rather”  questions funny, crazy, interesting, or controversial. Think about what kind of questions you think would be fun to discuss if you were learning a foreign language.

    Bookmark our list of 110 “would you rather” questions, and you will never run out of great questions to discuss.

    Here are a few examples:

    • Would you rather give up your mobile phone or your pet?
    • Would you rather have $50,000 that is legal or $150,000 that is illegal?
    • Would you rather be the funniest person in the room or the most intelligent?
    • Would you rather have your first child when you are 19 years old or when you are 45?

    As stated before, you can make up your own. If you are doing a specific topic for your lesson, then you can try to make them as closely related to the topic as possible.

    For example, if the topic for your lesson is Meet the World’s Oldest Ice Hockey Player, then you might want to prepare some ‘would you rather’ questions about age or about hockey:

    • Would you rather stop aging at 17 or 35?
    • Would you rather date someone ten years older or ten younger?
    • Would you rather be a famous football player or a famous hockey player?

    Give each group or pair of students the same card and have each of them state their opinion about the topic on the card.

    You can give them a few minutes to take notes on their opinion and what they want to say before starting. Then students go around and say their opinion and support their argument.

    This is one is sure to bring some good conversations and even laughs in your class.

    You can also teach phrases on how to express opinions, such as:

    • “In my opinion…”
    • “I believe that…”
    • “In my eyes…”
    • “From my point of view…”

    In addition to this, you could also assign students to make their own “Would you rather…” topics for the class or other groups. Make sure they keep them appropriate!

    Help facilitate the conversations and ask follow-up questions while students are speaking.

    5. How-to Presentation

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This activity is great for a number of reasons: it’s simple to assign and explain, effective for students to develop speaking, and fun because it’s on a topic they’re interested in.

    It’s also practical because they’re teaching the class how to do something or how something works.

    Basically, all you need to do for ESL speaking activities like this one is have students choose some topic. It can be any appropriate topic according to their wishes.

    Then they give a five-minute presentation on that How-to topic.

    In order to get students cooperating together, you could also put them in pairs and have them decide on and organize the speech together.

    Here are some of the ones my students have done before and they turned out to be great:

    • How to cook [a food]
    • How to play [a sport]
    • How to travel cheap
    • How to do a magic trick
    • How to live healthily

    There are some great tips you can share with your students on giving a presentation in a foreign language.

    Have students prepare the speech at home or during the lesson, and then have them present their topic during the next lesson.

    You could take notes on their speaking or pronunciation mistakes while they present and go over them after the presentation.

    6. Living Memory

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This is a game based on the classic board game “memory” designed for lower-level students.

    Two students go out of the room (Student A and Student B). The rest of the class gets together in pairs.

    If you have an uneven number of students, one group can be in three.

    Each pair chooses a word according to the learning objective.

    For example, if your students are learning about food, then in pairs they will mutually agree on a meal or a food they both like. Then the two students come back into the classroom and these two students play against each other to gain points.

    To gain points, Student A starts off and asks any student in the class “What do you like eating?” and that student answers “I like eating…”, and then Student A asks another student what they like to eat.

    If the second student likes the same thing, then Student A gets one point. Then Student B goes and tries to match the pairs based on the food they mutually chose together.

    This is a fun game to practice vocabulary and simple phrases.

    You can make the game more interactive if students make gestures and movement demonstrating the type of food. For example, they gesture peeling a banana if the food they chose is ‘banana’.

    Other good questions are:

    • What is your favorite subject?
    • What do you like doing in your free time?
    • What time is it?

    7. Video Talk

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    Find a YouTube video topic that you think would be interesting for your students. I would choose a relatively short video (two to five minutes), or something like a TedTalk.

    Make some preview discussion questions about the topic presented in the video, go through them with students before watching, and then watch the video together.

    You can then have some questions prepared based on the video content and some post-discussion activities while going through some of the important vocabulary terms from the video.

    Students tend to love working with videos and there are so many good ones out there nowadays.

    Using video is effective because it brings the outside world to your students, and they can generate some great discussions in class, inspiring students to speak their mind and share their opinions and ideas.

    Browse our full archive of ESL resources and printables.

    8. Talk About Your Weekend

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This activity is a better choice if your students are happy talking but maybe are a bit nervous speaking in front of a class:

    Split the class into pairs.

    Students need to discuss their weekend with their partner.

    Use only English!

    You need to be observant with this type of activity. Keep an eye on each student’s talk time. 

    If you are finding some students are much more talkative than their partners, maybe set a time limit for how long each student can talk for before switching. This ensures that everyone gets a fair chance to practise.

    Information gap activities are great to practice conversation; get more ideas here.

    9. Timed Discussion

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    This is another simple yet great activity for building confidence in speaking!

    Give the student a topic card, for instance, “Talk about your favorite place.” or “What’s your favorite band or artist?”

    The student has a certain amount of time to prepare some ideas for what they will say.

    The student then has to talk about that topic for a chosen amount of time.

    When starting out with this activity, make sure to give more time for preparation and less time for the presentation. 5 minutes of preparation time and 1 minute of the presentation should be plenty. 

    With time, you can reduce the preparation time or increase the presentation time.

    10. Debating Club

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group or Individual

    Prepare a list of controversial topics, and two opposing views about each topic.

    Split your students into pairs or small groups (each with an even number of students). Split each groups into two parties. Assign a topic to each group: each party has to hold an opposite view.

    Give them some time to prepare arguments for their standpoint. 5 to 10 Minutes should be enough.

    Then let each group debate their topic in front of the class. One party starts voicing their first argument, then the other answers.

    Each statement shouldn’t exceed 30 seconds – use a stopwatch with a countdown, so students know when they have to stop.

    The debate is over after a set time – for example 5 minutes – or when the parties stated all their arguments.

    After each debate, the whole class votes which party was more convincing and won the debate.

    If it’s an individual lesson, you and the student play the opposite parties – no final vote then.

    Make sure to prepare topics according to the fluency level of your students. The topics can be rather serious and controversial, or fun and weird.

    Here are a couple of examples:

    Current and serious topics:

    • Classroom instruction vs. Homeschooling
    • Self-driving cars: smart or dangerous
    • Buy local vs. buy online
    • Death sentence: yes or no
    • iOS vs. Android

    Fun and weird topics:

    • Vanilla vs. chocolate ice-cream
    • Get up early vs. go to bed late
    • Have no kids vs. have 5 kids
    • Travel to Mars vs. to the earth’s core
    • Sommer vs. Winter

    11. Taboo Words

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of Lesson: Group

    Finally, and absolute classic activity. Split your students into groups, each with at least 3 three students.

    Prepare a list of words. For each word, think about 3-5 words which can be used to describe the original word. These can be synonyms, adjectives or any kind of related terms.

    Example:

    • Weather – rain, cloud, sun, forecast, outside
    • hungry – food, stomach, eat, restaurant, thirsty
    • to run – fast, quick, walk, race, legs

    Write the words on cards.

    Now, one student has to take one card and explain the word to the other in their group. Here’s the catch: He must not use one of the words on the card (also, no parts or variations of the words.). He must not use gestures, facial expressions or voices. He has to circumscribe the word using other verbal expressions.

    The rest of the group have to guess the word. Set a time for each round, like one minute. One group has to guess as many words as possible within that time; each guess is one point.

    When the explaining student uses one of the taboo words (or other taboo means), he has to skip the current word and continue with the next card.

    Count the points after each round. Then, the next group has its turn. The game is over, when each student in each group had their turn to explain words. Sum up the points; the group with the most wins.

    Other possible game modes: Let the groups guess one word alternating, and set a 30 seconds time limit for each guess. Or let a student explain a word to the whole class, and who guesses it first, gets a point.

    12. Story Chain

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of Lesson: Group

    This activity does not only help students develop their speaking and listening skills, it also fosters critical thinking skills, creativity, and imagination.

    Here’s how it works:

    1. Divide the group into small teams of 3–4 people each.
    2. Give each team a starting sentence, such as “Once upon a time, in a land far, far away.”
    3. Set a time limit, such as 5 minutes.
    4. Each team must take turns adding one sentence to the story, building from the previous sentence.
    5. The team that completes the most coherent story within the time limit wins.
    6. To make it more challenging, you can also include a specific vocabulary theme for the story, such as “animals” or “travel”, or you can include a twist, such as “the story must be a horror story”.
    7. After the activity, teams present their story to the class.
    8. Encourage the class to ask questions about the story to the teams.
  • 17 Fun ESL Vocabulary Games for Adults and Kids

    17 Fun ESL Vocabulary Games for Adults and Kids

    What are your methods for teaching vocabulary?

    Drills? Flashcards? Yuck! Boring!

    While these can certainly be effective, they can be a quick way to lose your student’s attention if you spend too much time on them in a class.

    So what can you do then? The answer?

    Play some fun ESL vocabulary games with them!

    In this huge listicle, you’ll find 17 great ESL vocabulary game ideas (suitable for adults, teens, and kids) with detailed instructions to include in your lessons.

    ESL Vocabulary Games for Kids and Adults

    ESL Vocabulary Games for Kids… AND Adults, too?

    Games are a great way to get your students to engage and use the language without fighting for their attention every few minutes.

    Well, that’s great for children I hear you saying, but what about adults?

    Well, as surprising as it may sound… Adults enjoy having fun too!

    In fact, a number of the games here are what adults often play while socializing with friends or family anyway so they may already be familiar with them in the native language.

    That being said, while some of these vocabulary games can be great for adults, this isn’t the case for all of them.

    Some games on this list can be a little silly and adult students would most likely feel more than a little patronized if they were to play them. The same could be said for some games which may be too “boring” for children.

    For that reason, this list also has information about the appropriate target student. It mentions:

    • student level (from beginner to advanced)
    • type of lesson (group and/or one-to-one)
    • student type (children and/or adults)

    Make sure to read each game carefully before trying it in your class. Make a note of any realia/resources you may need and if possible practise how you will run the class so there aren’t any surprises in the classroom! Let’s get started.

    1. Whispers

    • Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group
    • Student type: Children & Adults

    The idea of “whispers” is to get a message from one end of a line of people to the other. To start: –

    1. Person 1 needs to whisper a message to person 2 (without anyone else hearing)
    2. Person 2 then needs to whisper the message to person 3 etc until we reach the end of the line.

    This game can get difficult because some mistakes creep into the message which can lead to a message which is vastly different at the end than it is at the start.

    Once the message reaches the end, the final person reveals what they think it is. This often results in hilarity!

    This game trains the students to be able to understand messages in situations that aren’t so clear. It also trains them to try to understand a sentence using context. As long as the students can form sentences then they will be ok with this game.

    2. Describe It

    • Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    • Student type: Adults

    With “describe it” the idea is to give a student a word. This can be anything you want really but nouns and verbs are going to be easier than things like adverbs and prepositions. Once the student has their word, they then have to describe it without using the word itself!

    Whoever manages to guess this correctly then gets to go next and you can keep going until everyone in the class has had a turn.

    The benefit of this game is that it forces students to use synonyms/antonyms that they might not use usually. It also helps them to develop the skill of using the language to try to express something even if they don’t have that particular word in their vocabulary.

    This game is a little more difficult than the others and is better suited to intermediate to advanced learners. Coupled with the fact that you may lose some attention from children, this is better aimed at adults.

    3. Tongue Twisters

    • Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    • Student type: Children & Adults

    Tongue twisters are a fun way to practise new vocabulary!

    In case you don’t already know what they are; A tongue twister is a sentence (or several) that is very difficult to say (usually due to a sequence of similar sounds).

    An example of this would be “she sells seashells by the seashore”.

    These are both great fun and extremely useful as they can be used to train pronunciation for new vocabulary. They are effective with adult students but due to their silliness, it’s no surprise that kids love them!

    While there are already plenty of tongue twisters out there, you will likely have to create your own, specific to the vocabulary you are learning. (hint – don’t try to cram all of the TL into one sentence, pick one new word for each tongue twister.)

    To add a more competitive element to it, (besides just saying the sentence without mistakes) you can time the students and get them to try to go faster and faster each time!

    4. I went to the supermarket…

    • Student level: Beginner to Advanced
    • Type of lesson: Group
    • Student type: Children & Adults

    This game is a great one to flex those memory muscles! It goes something like this:

    1. Create a circle of students.
    2. Student 1 starts by saying “I went to the supermarket and I bought [some bread].” (this [ ] can be anything they choose.)
    3. Student 2 then says “I went to the supermarket and I bought some bread and [an apple].” (They have to say what the previous student said but then they choose a new object for themselves.)
    4. Student 3 then says “I went to the supermarket and I bought some bread, an apple and [some cheese].”
    5. You then continue around the circle with the students adding more and more items until somebody isn’t able to remember all of the list.

    You can choose to either reset the game once the list can’t be remembered or… for a more competitive element you can choose to reset the list minus the student who couldn’t remember. You can then repeat this until there is a “definite winner”.

    As this game is more to do with memory and doesn’t necessarily involve complex vocabulary, it is suitable for students of all ages and levels.

    Illustrated Resources for Teaching ESL Vocabulary

    5. I Spy

    • Student level: Beginner to Pre-Intermediate
    • Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    • Student type: Children

    “I spy with my little eye…” If you didn’t play this as a child then you missed out! But fear not, you have a chance to catch up with this fun game now.

    1. Student 1 first picks an object in the room (without saying what it is). For example, maybe they see a “clock”.
    2. They then have to say the phrase “I spy with my little eye, something beginning with…” and say the first letter of the word [c].
    3. The other students have to guess what it is and whoever is correct becomes the next person to play.

    Keep going until everyone has had a turn to play. This game can be fairly simple if there are common words such as “pen”, “book” etc.

    However, if you really want to bring more of a challenge, then bring some props with you or load up an image on a projector with many items.

    This game is good when learning basic vocabulary and is better suited to beginners and more specifically children.

    6. Word Association

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    Student type: Children & Adults

    This one is great to stimulate some creativity. It is also a very simple idea.

    1. Student 1 says a word. It can be anything but for this example, we will say “green”
    2. Student 2 says a word that is related to Student 1’s word. “Grass”.
    3. You can then continue around the chain with each student adding a related word to what the previous person has said.

    The rules are simple. You have to be able to explain why a word is related. You also can’t repeat a word that has already been said! To make this one harder you can also include a timer.

    7. A-Z Categories

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    Student type: Children & Adults

    In this game, the teacher picks a category such as (fruit, countries, languages, etc). The idea is then for the students to think of something for each letter of the alphabet.

    So if we picked the category “countries” then it would go like this:

    1. Student 1: “America”
    2. Student 2: “Belgium”
    3. Student 3: “China”

    You can then continue until all of the letters have been completed. Some beginners will be fine with something like “food” but some categories can be more difficult so bear this in mind when picking a topic.

    You may also want to consider cultural backgrounds. “Countries” is a good topic because although they have different names in different languages, they are known by everyone. However, a topic like “bands” can become more difficult as students may want to pick their local favourites which might not be known by others.

    8. Match

    Student level: Beginner to Pre-Intermediate
    Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    Student type: Children

    For this game, you need two sets of cards. The first set of cards will have pictures of various things (e.g ball, house, etc), the second set will have the vocabulary on. As you probably have guessed by now, the student’s aim is to match the pictures up with the vocabulary.

    You can vary this one a bit depending on how many are playing.

    1. With just one student playing you can simply time how long it takes them to match them all and then get them to try and beat that record the second time around.
    2. With more students, you can divide them into two teams. Whichever team gets the most pairs wins. (You may prefer to have the teams have one student up at a time to make sure things don’t get too crazy!)

    This one is for children. It works especially well with complete beginners because the explanation needed is minimal, demo the game to them and they will take to it like ducks to water!

    9. Word Grab Race

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of lesson: Group
    Student type: Children

    To set this game up you again need a collection of cards with the vocabulary on. Mix all the cards up (while still being able to see them all.) Next, divide your students into two teams. A student from each group will have their turn first.

    When the teacher says the word, the chosen student from each team has to run to the front and find the correct card with the word on from the pile. Once they have brought it back to the group both teams will then switch the active player.

    This is repeated until all of the cards have been captured. The team with the most at the end wins.

    To make this harder, instead of the teacher saying the word you could show a picture (on a screen) or hold up an object. This forces the students to use the vocabulary and understand what it means.

    10. Hangman

    Student level: Pre-Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    Student type: Children & Adults

    Hangman takes a little bit of explaining but… once your students understand it then they will love it!

    The basic point of hangman is for the students to guess a word (picked by the teacher).

    They take turns guessing a letter each. If the guess is correct (the letter is in the word) then the teacher will write the letter on the board, if the guess is wrong then a part of “the hangman” is drawn.

    There are 8 parts to the drawing:

    1. Draw the post (an upside-down “L”).
    2. Draw the head (a circle) underneath the horizontal part of the post.
    3. Draw the body (a vertical line under the head).
    4. Draw arm 1 (a stick from the body).
    5. Draw arm 2 (another stick from the other side of the body).
    6. Draw leg 1 (a stick at the bottom of the body).
    7. Draw leg 2 (a stick on the other side at the bottom of the body).
    8. Draw the noose (a line joining the head to the post).

    The students need to guess what this word is before the picture of the hangman is complete. If they guess it correctly before the hangman is complete then they win, if not then they lose.

    If you want to include the students further then whoever wins the round can have a turn at drawing the hangman in the next round.

    This game is fun regardless of age, group size or ability (as difficulty can be altered by using harder or easier vocabulary).

    11. Stand up / Sit Down

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of lesson: Group
    Student type: Children

    For this game, you will need either a board and projector or some realia. First of all, make a line of chairs with the students sat down (facing the teacher).

    1. You will then show either an image or hold up an object.
    2. Next, you say either the correct vocabulary or a different word.
    3. If what you say and what is shown is correct then the children stand up, if not then they stay sat down.

    To add a competitive angle to this you can have the ones who get it wrong lose the game and leave the round, repeat this until there is a winner. Alternatively, if everyone is very good then you could do the last student to stand up / sit down lose that round.

    This game is ideal for children, they love getting involved and moving around. It is a great way to win pre-schoolers back if you find you have lost their attention part way through a class.

    12. Spelling Throw

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of lesson: Group
    Student type: Children

    The idea of this game is to get the students to spell a word out one letter at a time, each student takes it in turns saying each letter though which is what makes it difficult.

    To begin, you first need to arrange the students in a circle (either seated or standing). You will also need a ball. For this example let’s say the chosen word is “tiger”.

    1. Student 1 – “t” *throws the ball to student 5
    2. Student 5 – “i” *throws the ball to student 3
    3. Student 3 – “g” etc

    This continues until the word is complete. Again, like with the other games you could do a knockout rule where if a student gets the wrong letter then they are out of that round (repeat until there is a clear winner).

    If this game is slightly too easy for the students then you can introduce a timer system where they will only get a few seconds to answer, if they don’t answer in time then they are also out.

    This game is best suited to children, they will enjoy using a ball to interact with. It is also more suited to beginner levels (especially when learning how to spell.) Keep this one away from adults or advanced students unless you want to hear some patronized groans!

    13. Draw It

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    Student type: Children & Adults

    Great fun with children and adults alike. Similar to “describe it”, the idea is for the student to express a chosen word without saying it. The difference here is that we are now drawing instead of describing.

    Obviously we will need something to draw with for this. Pen and paper would work fine if we are struggling for resources but it would be better to use something bigger so it’s easier for the students to see, so try to grab a whiteboard!

    Once you have a chosen student, tell them the chosen word (without anyone else hearing), they then have to draw it. The other students have to guess and the first one to get it right can then have their turn. Keep going until everyone has played at least once.

    The advantage of this game over “describe it” is it can be a lot easier for beginner students to draw something than to try to think of a way to describe it in English. That being said if your students are advanced, they may benefit more from the added difficulty of “describe it”.

    14. Word Search

    Student level: Beginner to Advanced
    Type of lesson: Individual
    Student type: Children & Adults

    These take a little longer to prepare but when it comes to actually playing, they are as easy as they come.

    For anyone that doesn’t know what a word search is, you basically have a grid of squares. Inside each square is a letter. At first glance, it will appear as if you are staring at a giant mess of random letters. However, there are words hidden inside this mess that must be found.

    Although this game could, in theory, be done in groups, it is one that is better suited towards individual students. It can be hard for some students to wait for their turn without shouting out that they’ve found one (especially true with children!).

    The great thing about a word search is that they are very easy to play. Even if you use advanced vocabulary, the ability to look for a word is still the same so this game is suitable for students of all levels.

    colours wordsearch
    Click to download the PDF of this Colours word search

    15. Synonyms

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    Student type: Adults

    With synonyms, the point is to give a student a word, and they have to give you a synonym for that word in return. (E.g. teacher says scalding, student says hot). For this, you will need to do some research and make sure you know some synonyms for the TL of that lesson.

    A very basic idea, but we have a lot of room to work with this. Here are some things we can change:

    • Add a time limit (e.g the student has 3 seconds to reply)
    • Time limit for the whole group (e.g how many can the group get in 3 minutes)
    • In a group, the student (who just answered) could ask the next student
    • Use antonyms as well
    • Have the students ask the teacher

    This game is dependant on the students having at least a medium-size vocabulary so I would advise sticking to medium to advanced level students. Also, while this game is fun to an extent, it is more so for adults. Some children may lose concentration with this one so only play with them if you know you can hold their focus.

    16. Shiritori

    Student level: Intermediate to Advanced
    Type of lesson: Group or Individual
    Student type: Adults

    The classic Japanese game – Shiritori! You need very little to play this game, which makes it ideal as a backup activity as well.

    Simply set up the chairs in the classroom so that everyone can see and hear each other clearly. A circle arrangement is a great choice as it allows everyone to hear each other and there’s an obvious order to whose go it is.

    1. Choose a student or go first yourself
    2. The first person (A) says a word. This can be something that was taught in the class if you want to reinforce that. Or, if this is a backup activity then it can be any word.
    3. The next person to the left (B) will then say a word that starts with the last letter of A’s word. So if A said “boat” then B could say “three”.
    4. The game carries on around the circle until you reach the original student again.
    5. At this point you can either end the game there or carry on if you have time.

    A very basic idea but we have a lot of room to work with this. Here are some things we can change:

    • Add a time limit (e.g the student has 3 seconds to reply)
    • Time limit for the whole group (e.g how many can the group get in 3 minutes)
    • In a group, the student (who just answered) could ask the next student
    • Use antonyms as well
    • Have the students ask the teacher

    This game is dependent on the students having at least a medium-size vocabulary, so I would advise sticking to medium to advanced level students. Also, while this game is fun to an extent, it is more so for adults. Some children may lose concentration with this one so only play with them if you know you can hold their focus.

    17. Charades

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of lesson: Group
    Student type: Children & Adults

    In case you haven’t played charades before, this is how to play:

    1. Select a student to be “a word”, e.g. red, an apple
    2. Without speaking, this student has to get the other students to guess the word.
    3. They can elicit the answer by using body movements, pointing to things in the room etc. Basically anything, as long as they do not speak.
    4. Whoever guesses the answer first gets to be “it” in the next round.

    This is a great game for beginners as it works better with beginner vocabulary (run, sit, 4 etc.) 

    Beware, you may struggle with more complex vocabulary… (try acting out the word situational!)

    18. Vocab Bingo

    Student level: Beginner to Intermediate
    Type of lesson: Group
    Student type: Children & Adults

    Prepare Bingo sheets with grids and add one word to each square. Select the grid size (from 3×3 to 6×6) and the words according to the level of English of your students and the expected duration of the game.

    Write all words you’ve added to the sheets on a list; maybe add some more. Call out the words in random order, and have the students mark the words when they hear it.

    They can use a pen, or better: put little items on the squares. This is more fun, and you can reuse the sheets.

    The first person to mark each word on his sheets wins.

    You can make this ESL vocab game a bit harder: Don’t call out the exact words in the squares, but synonyms, or opposites, or any kind of related words (for example when you call “rain”, they have to mark “umbrella”).

    Conclusion

    So, there we have it, 18 games for you to try in your classes.

    Make sure to pay attention to the suitability for each game and most importantly practise these before you get in the classroom.

    Hopefully, these will also have sparked your creative juices so you will be able to think up some of your own.

    Remember to keep it fun, educational and engaging!

    If you want to find activities to build classroom community, you can have a look at this article.

  • 120 Would You Rather Questions to Start an ESL Conversation (PDF)

    120 Would You Rather Questions to Start an ESL Conversation (PDF)

    Do you want interesting questions to get the ball rolling with your ESL students?

    Are you tired of asking the same basic questions about where your students live, what hobbies they have etc?

    “Would you rather” questions are a great way to inject more fun into your speaking lessons and be “the interesting teacher”. 

    Here we have 120 fun questions for kids, teens, and adults as well, to get you started along with a follow-up question for each to keep the conversation going.

    Also useful: Want to keep the conversation going? Try our 180 conversation starters for every level, or these speaking activities when you need something more structured.

    The Power of Would You Rather Questions

    The idea is simple:

    You ask a student a question and they have a choice of two possible answers: “Would you rather be a bird or a fish?”.

    The student answers the question but… it’s important they explain WHY.

    The explanation of why they chose their answer is what really tests their ability to produce the language (rather than giving you a series of one-word answers).

    These questions are extremely useful; they are fun which engages the student more. They also get students to use the language outside of what they’re used to which will help them feel confident speaking in a wider range of situations.

    They are a great stepping stone between very basic “yes or no” questions and completely open questions which could be a little intimidating for less advanced students.

    These questions work great as a warm up to a more in-depth subject in a speaking lesson or even to round things off with some fun at the end of a particularly difficult one.

    As these are separated into different topics it may even be a good idea to use them in lessons that relate to that particular area. 

    Ok, without further ado, let’s begin!

    General Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather have more time or more money?

    Would you play a lottery that had a prize of time?

    2. Would you rather be able to sing beautifully or speak fluently in a chosen language?

    Which do you think is harder to master?

    3. Would you rather be the world’s fastest runner or own the world’s fastest car?

    Which do you think would be most useful?

    4. Would you rather be able to fly or swim without needing to hold your breath?

    What’s the longest you can hold your breath for?

    5. Would you rather go to the cinema or watch a concert?

    What’s your favourite film?

    6. Would you rather be stuck inside on a good day or stuck outside on a bad day?

    What do you do when the weather’s bad?

    7. Would you rather be poor and happy or miserable and rich?

    Can money buy happiness?

    8. Would you rather travel to somewhere relaxing or somewhere interesting?

    Where did you last go on holiday?

    9. Would you rather play video games or play sports?

    What was the last thing you played?

    10. Would you rather be super fast or super strong?

    What would you do with that power?

    Funny Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather be a mouse on holiday or a lion at work?

    Which do you think would be more difficult?

    2. Would you rather have a house made of chocolate or a house made of french fries?

    Which do you think would be easier to clean?

    3. Would you rather have the power to make others laugh or to make yourself laugh?

    Are there any comedians you know who already have this power?

    4. Would you rather stink or have everybody else stink (except you)?

    How much deodorant do you think would be needed to hide the smell?

    5. Would you rather marry a fish or a potato?

    Which do you think you would argue with more?

    6. Would you rather fight Santa or a reindeer?

    Do you think you’d still get presents after?

    7. Would you rather dance with a sloth or a chimpanzee?

    Do you think they would enjoy the dance?

    8. Would you rather slip on ice or a banana peel?

    Which one do you think is funnier?

    9. Would you rather laugh so hard you cry or cry so hard you laugh?

    Do you often cry when you laugh?

    10. Would you rather have an onion for a head or a cabbage?

    Do you think it would be hard to wash your face?

    Difficult Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather win £1,000,000 or have your friend win £3,000,000?

    Do you think they’d let you win the money if they were in your shoes?

    2. Would you rather travel to the past or to the future?

    What about if you couldn’t return to the present?

    3. Would you rather have lots of money but not be able to buy food or have plenty of food but no money?

    Is there anyone you can think of who would pick the opposite?

    4. Would you rather be best friends with a celebrity or have your dream job?

    Have you ever met a celebrity?

    5. Would you rather fall into a cactus or walk on glass?

    Do you have a strong tolerance to pain?

    6. Would you rather climb Mount Everest or run three marathons?

    What’s the most exercise you’ve ever done?

    7. Would you rather not shower for a week or not brush your teeth for a week?

    What’s the longest you’ve gone without showering before?

    8. Would you rather be trapped in a room full of spiders or snakes?

    How long do you think you could stay in there for?

    9. Would you rather play a sport professionally or be an actor / actress?

    Which do you think pays more?

    10. Would you rather be a king for a day or a mayor for a month?

    What would you do in that time?

    Weird Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather have a pillow as a pet or a piece of cheese?

    Which do you think would look funnier when taking for a walk?

    2. Would you rather be abducted by aliens or kidnapped by vampires?

    Which is more likely?

    3. Would you rather be a plant or a rock?

    Do you think life would be easier than being a human?

    4. Would you rather have a pig’s brain in a human body or a human brain in a pig’s body?

    Do you think it would be fun to switch for a short while?

    5. Would you rather wear a hat made of jam or shoes made of chocolate?

    Would you eat it after you have finished wearing it?

    6. Would you rather live on the moon or at the bottom of the sea?

    What kind of work could you do there?

    7. Would you rather be a cartoon or a puppet?

    What’s your favourite cartoon?

    8. Would you rather be sat next to a dog or a chicken on a plane?

    Would it be better than sitting next to a human?

    9. Would you rather live in a world where everything is upside down or where everything is blue?

    What would some of the challenges be living in such a world?

    10. Would you rather clean your teeth with spaghetti or a banana?

    What do you think your dentist would say?

    Food Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather eat cheese and chocolate or beef and icecream?

    What’s the worst food combination you’ve ever made?

    2. Would you rather eat hamburgers everyday or never again?

    Which option do you think is healthier?

    3. Would you rather eat an amazing meal in a bad restaurant or a bad meal in an amazing restaurant?

    What’s the best restaurant you’ve ever eaten at?

    4. Would you rather be hungry or thirsty?

    What’s the longest you’ve gone without food and drink?

    5. Would you rather go out for dinner or eat a takeaway?

    What was the last thing you ate from a takeaway?

    6. Would you rather eat ice cream on a hot day or drink hot chocolate on a cold day?

    Which flavour of ice cream is your favourite?

    7. Would you rather be a chef or a waiter?

    Which do you think has the harder job?

    8. Would you rather eat three days worth of food in a day or a day’s worth of food over three days?

    Which do you think is healthier?

    9. Would you rather eat chocolate for an entire day or broccoli?

    What’s the most chocolate you’ve ever eaten?

    10. Would you rather eat peas with chopsticks or soup with a fork?

    Have you ever tried to eat with chopsticks? Did it work?

    Controversial Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather end world hunger or have your friends and family live forever?

    Do we do enough to help those who are hungry?

    2. Would you rather everyone life forever or have people die painlessly at a certain age?

    How long would the planet last if we all lived forever?

    3. Would you rather imprison an innocent person or accidentally release a guilty person?

    Have you ever been blamed for something you haven’t done?

    4. Would you rather kill one person to save a thousand or do nothing?

    What’s the hardest decision you’ve ever had to make?

    5. Would you rather eat a (recently) dead body to stay alive or stay hungry?

    What’s the grossest thing you’ve ever eaten?

    6. Would you rather legalise drugs or outlaw guns (in all countries)?

    What are the gun laws in your country?

    7. Would you rather allow stem cell research (and possibly save lives) or disallow the research (possibly resulting in casualties)?

    How much do you know about stem cell research?

    8. Would you rather have evolution taught in schools or creationism?

    Which did you learn in school?

    9. Would you rather everyone have the right to marry or just heterosexuals?

    When did you last attend a wedding?

    10. Would you rather everyone have access to healthcare or only those that can afford it?

    When did you last go to the hospital?

    Clothing Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather wear too many layers in summer or not enough in winter?

    What do you usually wear when it’s really cold?

    2. Would you rather wear clothes that are comfortable or clothes that look good?

    What’s the most comfortable clothing you own?

    3. Would you rather give unwanted clothes to charity or sell them?

    What was the last item of clothing you got rid of?

    4. Would you rather buy clothes brand new or from a second-hand shop?

    What’s the best bargain you’ve ever found?

    5. Would you rather fix your own clothes (e.g. darn a sock) or replace them?

    Do you have any clothes that need fixing or replacing?

    6. Would you rather wear something cool or something funny to a fancy dress party?

    What’s the best fancy dress costume you’ve ever worn?

    7. Would you rather have fewer clothes (that you love) or a wide collection of clothes (that aren’t your favourite)?

    What item of clothing could you not live without?

    8. Would you rather wear a hat or gloves in the snow?

    What do you usually wear when it snows?

    9. Would you rather make all of your clothes or borrow all of your clothes?

    What do you think the easiest thing to make would be?

    10. Would you rather all of your outfit be the same colour or the same material?

    What is your favourite material to wear?

    Geography Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather live somewhere hot or somewhere cold?

    What’s the weather like where you live now?

    2. Would you rather live in a country with lots of money or beautiful scenery?

    What do you think is the most beautiful country?

    3. Would you rather visit five countries in five days or two countries in two weeks?

    Where would you go?

    4. Would you rather live near a volcano or near a swamp?

    Which do you think would have cheaper property prices?

    5. Would you rather be the leader of a small country with a lot of money or a big country with little money?

    Which is the smallest country you know of that is wealthy?

    6. Would you rather live near the ocean or near a field?

    Are there any oceans near where you live now?

    7. Would you rather live in a good neighbourhood that is far from work or in a bad neighbourhood that is close to work?

    How do you usually travel to work?

    8. Would you rather live in a quiet neighbourhood without many amenities or live in a noisier neighbourhood where there is plenty to do?

    What amenities are near your house?

    9. Would you rather go on holiday to somewhere far away or somewhere close to home?

    What’s the furthest you’ve ever been from home?

    10. Would you rather live in an area that is prone to earthquakes or one that is prone to flooding?

    Have you ever experienced an earthquake?

    Technology Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather go without your phone or without internet access for a week?

    What’s the longest you think you could go without using the internet?

    2. Would you rather use the microwave or the oven to cook your meals?

    Which one is easier?

    3. Would you rather have a massive TV or a powerful computer?

    How big is your TV?

    4. Would you rather work with computers or work without them?

    What’s the longest you’ve worked at your computer before (in one sitting?)

    5. Would you rather play video games on a console or on your phone?

    What’s your favourite video game?

    6. Would you rather have a broken washing machine or a broken fridge?

    Which do you think breaks down more often?

    7. Would you rather have a fast internet connection or a stable connection?

    How fast is your internet connection at the moment?

    8. Would you rather be able to program computers (software) or build computers (hardware)?

    Can you usually fix your computer if something goes wrong?

    9. Would you rather drop your phone into a puddle from a short height or onto a dry floor from a tall height?

    Have you ever broken your phone?

    10. Would you rather stay in a hotel without a TV or without a shower?

    When did you last stay in a hotel?

    Movies Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather star in a western movie or a sci-fi movie?

    What is the best sci-fi movie of all time?

    2. Would you rather be a director or an actor/actress?

    Which do you think would pay better?

    3. Would you rather watch a movie at the cinema or own the physical copy (Blu-ray etc)?

    How often do you go to the cinema?

    4. Would you rather watch a romance movie or a comedy?

    Do you ever watch rom-coms (romantic comedies)?

    5. Would you rather watch a movie or a series?

    What’s your favourite series?

    6. Would you rather watch a horror movie alone or with someone else?

    What’s the scariest film you’ve ever seen?

    7. Would you rather eat popcorn or crisps when watching a movie?

    Why do we eat such noisy food when we watch movies?

    8. Would you rather be the star of a small movie or an extra in a huge movie?

    Do you think it would be fun to be an extra in a movie?

    9. Would you rather have free access to a cinema or have your own cinema room at home?

    How often would you watch movies if you could see any movie for free (at the cinema)?

    10. Would you rather watch a movie adaption of a video game or play the video game adaption of a movie?

    What’s the best movie about video games you’ve seen?

    Dating & Relationship Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather marry someone who is beautiful or rich?

    Do you think money is important in a relationship?

    2. Would you rather have a romantic or an exiting date?

    What kind of gift would you bring with you?

    3. Would you rather go on a date, accompanied by your mom or your dad?

    Do you talk with your parents about your feelings?

    4. Would you rather date someone who is talking all day long or someone who hardly says a word?

    Are you a talkative person?

    5. Would you rather have 5 kids or no kids at all?

    Why?

    6. Would you rather marry someone who is boring and loyal or passionate and cheating on you?

    What’s your main criteria when choosing your partner?

    7. Would you be rather honest and maybe hurt your partner or tell a lie to make them feel good?

    Do you think white lies are acceptable?

    8. Would you rather marry someone who is exactly like yours or completely different?

    Opposites attract – do you think this saying is true?

    9. Would you rather ask someone out or have someone asking you out?

    In your home country, is it common for women to ask men out?

    10. Would you rather find true love or live a long, healthy single life?

    In your eyes, what makes a happy life?

    COVID-19 Pandemic / Lockdown Would You Rather Questions

    1. Would you rather stay at home for three months or life your normal life, but install an app on your smartphone through which the authorities can track all your movements and contacts?

    Do you think data privacy is important?

    2. Would you rather vaccine old people or young people?

    Why?

    3. Would you rather work in an office or at home every day? (or: have school lessons at school or at home?)

    Which job did you like most and why?

    4. Would you rather lose your job or have a COVID-19 infection?

    What things in life are you afraid of?

    5. During a lockdown, would you rather stay at home alone or with other people you don’t like?

    Being home alone, what do you usually do?

    6. During a lockdown, would you rather stay in an urban apartment or in a cabin somewhere isolated in the countryside?

    How would your ideal home look like?

    7. Would you rather cook your meals yourself or get them from the same delivery service every day?

    How often do you eat out?

    8. Would you rather only read books or watch TV for four weeks?

    What do you think about movies from book adaptions?

    9. Would you rather develop a remedy for cancer or for COVID-19?

    In your opinion, which is the most dangerous disease?

    10. Would you rather wear a face mask or keep 1.5 meters distance when you meet your friends?

    What’s your favorite topic when you talk to your friends?

    Need more ESL conversation starters and questions? Click here.

    Wrap-up

    There we have it, more “would you rather” questions than you can shake a stick at!

    As I have said in my other list of questions, once you’ve gotten a feel for using these, try using them as an influence to create your own topics. You could create questions that are even more personalised and relevant to your student’s interests.

    Browse all our ESL teaching resources.

    Happy teaching!

  • How to Make a Lesson Plan for Teaching English (The Definitive Guide)

    How to Make a Lesson Plan for Teaching English (The Definitive Guide)

    How can you build effective lessons and feel in control of the class?

    Lesson plans are essential to planning and ultimately giving great ESL lessons.

    But isn’t making lesson plans long and arduous? Well… not if you do things the right way!

    In this article, you will learn to make a lesson plan for teaching English from scratch that is both effective and won’t eat up all of your time and energy!

    ESL Lesson Planning: The How-To Guide

    Can You Teach Without a Lesson Plan?

    The short answer is yes, you can teach a lesson without a plan. However…

    You shouldn’t!

    With one-to-one students, you usually have more freedom. If things don’t go quite right you can usually just keep talking and keep the flow going while working out what to do next.

    In fact, I have a few students who just want to practise their free conversation and I just turn up and talk for an hour without anything planned.

    However, for the majority of students (especially groups), not planning a lesson is not an option.

    You need a clear idea of what you want your students to learn and how you are going to help them achieve that goal. The only way to do this is with a lesson plan.

    Remember that you may think you’re saving time by not planning anything (or planning minimally) but you’ll regret it when you are in the middle of a stressful, unplanned lesson.

    As Benjamin Franklin once said,

    “By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.”

    How to Create a Lesson Plan From Scratch

    Does it matter which tool you use to create your lesson plan?

    Not really, no.

    The important thing is that you can easily and quickly create your plan, make adjustments (if necessary) and bring it to class with you.

    You could…

    Use Pen & Paper

    This is the low-tech option but still popular, especially if you can’t get access to a computer.

    You also have the advantage that you don’t have to worry about making a printout or bringing a laptop with you to class etc.

    Use Word Processing Software

    You can use Microsoft Word or any other popular application you would use for writing anything else.

    Simply type it up and then either print a copy at the end or find some way of bringing it to class (laptop, mobile phone, classroom computer, etc.)

    Use an Online Storage System

    I started using Google Drive for my lesson plans a few years ago and haven’t gone back since!

    The documents app has everything I need to type up my lessons and I know that everything is stored online which makes it easy to access.

    Think About Presentation

    Bear in mind that you should think about who will be looking at your plan. If you are working in a school or with an assistant then it is likely that others will see it.

    Make sure it is neat enough that others can understand it and maybe spend some time on the presentation and making it look pretty. 

    However, if you are a freelance teacher then presentation doesn’t matter so much. As long you can make out what’s written and can follow it easily, you can have it look however you want!

    Once you have decided on your tool to make your lesson plan, you then need to focus on what you actually will include in your plan.

    Essential Parts to Include in an ESL Lesson Plan

    Once you have the right tool for the job it’s important to focus on what you will include in your lesson plan. Some of these can be optional but pay attention to the essentials that will be marked.

    In theory, you can do these in any order you want. However, going through in the order provided here will make your life a lot easier.

    Parts of a Lesson Plan

    • Date and time
    • Class and Student Name, Number of Students
    • Lesson Aims
    • Lesson Duration
    • Lesson Activities
    • Bonus Activities
    • Resources Needed

    Here’s how a simple lesson plan template could look like:

    plan

    Date and Time

    It may seem trivial but you want to make sure you have the right lesson plan for the right lesson.

    Get into the habit of including date and time to avoid confusion and turning up to class with the wrong plan!

    This is also useful when the lesson plan needs to be filed after class (e.g. in a school).

    Class and Student Name

    Again, it comes down to making sure you are matching the right plan to the right class. This also helps you visualise your learners as you are making your lesson plan.

    Number of Students

    This one isn’t important if you just teach one-to-one lessons (obviously). However, if you are teaching group classes then the number of students in your class will need to be taken into consideration when planning activities.

    Lesson Aims (Essential)

    Ask yourself:

    “What do I want my students to do at the end of this class that they couldn’t do before?”

    This is your lesson aim and is one of the most important considerations when designing a lesson plan.

    This can be seen as “What is the point of this class?”.

    For vocabulary lessons, the lesson aim may be a list of words or maybe a certain concept if teaching a grammar lesson.

    Whatever the reason is, make a note of it and always keep it in mind when you make any other decisions about the lesson plan.

    Lesson Duration (Essential)

    How long do you have to do the lesson?

    In order to effectively plan your activities in class, you need to know how much time you have to work with.

    Lesson Activities (Essential)

    Create a list of every activity you plan to do in class. This needs to be precise and include things such as warm up, free conversation, explaining homework at the end, etc.

    State how long each activity will take in minutes.

    Obviously it is unlikely you will be able to stick to this exactly, things change and you need to go with the flow. However, try to stick as closely as you can to it and you will find your life will be much easier.

    It doesn’t need to be said but, this needs to be done after your lesson aims, as they will dictate what activities will be appropriate for that class.

    Bonus Activities

    As well as planning your lesson activities, it’s a good idea to include some bonus activities that can be done in case you finish the class early.

    You don’t want to run out of planned activities halfway through a class and have to improvise a class to a room of 30 students!

    Get a couple of backup activities planned and take them to each class. A small amount of planning now will give you peace of mind in the long run.

    Resources Needed (Essential)

    Make a list of everything you need and pay attention to the details. 

    As well as noting down that you need printouts for that crossword, did you think about whether the students have pens or will you need to bring them? Do you have backups of lesson materials? A backup USB drive of the presentation etc?

    Be prepared with all of this because there’s nothing worse than having to run out of class 5 minutes in because you forgot something small!

    How to Structure an ESL Lesson

    Ok so we know all of the details needed for the lesson plan but… how do we actually structure the activities in the class?

    This is very much dependent on the type of class you are teaching and your style. As I’m teaching mostly one-to-one advanced students and my students require different things, my lesson plans vary quite a bit.

    However, for “traditional” classes (groups from beginner to intermediate level) you will likely want to follow the classic PPP model which is mentioned extensively in TEFL courses.

    What is PPP?

    PPP is an acronym for presentation, practice, and production.

    It is a popular model for teaching foreign languages and is one of the most popular teaching models used in TEFL courses.

    Let’s look at each section in more detail with 5 great ideas for each!

    Presentation

    In our first section, presentation, we show the students something. It could be:

    Ideas for Presentation

    • A short, fictional story
    • A video
    • An object (a piece of fruit, a toy, etc.)
    • A roleplayed conversation between the teacher and the assistant
    • A news story

    It could be anything, as long as it can stimulate a discussion about what you want to teach in the class. 

    For example, if I want to teach the past simple tense vs the past continuous, then I could find a story that uses both of these and highlight them.

    Practice

    In the next section practice, we give students a chance to use the new concept in a controlled environment. We could use:

    Ideas for Practice

    • Gap-fill exercises (a sentence with a word missing that a student has to fill)
    • Sentence correction (students find the mistakes in an incorrect sentence)
    • Sentence rearrange (students have to put the jumbled words of a sentence in the right order)
    • Synonym matching (students have to match a word with its synonym)
    • Word select (again, there’s a gap in a sentence but there are a selection of words to choose from)

    The idea is that students can play with the new concept but they still have the “training wheels” on.

    Production

    The final stage, production, is much freer and allows the student to use the new concept with less help. Think of exercises like: 

    Ideas for Production

    • Writing an essay (set an essay question; can be very good for homework assignments, too)
    • Free conversation (split students into pairs and have them talk freely while incorporating the new concept)
    • Asking questions (either ask the students yourself or split them into groups)
    • Roleplays (split students into pairs and give them roles to act out)
    • Information exchange (split students into pairs and have them find out certain information from the other)

    This section is usually the most challenging as the students have much less support compared to the practice stage. However, it is essential for preparing students to use these new concepts in the real world.

    Useful Tips for Lesson Planning

    It’s Better to Overplan

    When you are first starting out it is much better to over-plan everything.

    Where will the students be sat? How long will it take to hand out the exercise sheets? Will you allow time for questions?

    Start by overplanning and as you get more comfortable teaching, you can start taking out things that you don’t feel you need.

    Don’t Reinvent the Wheel

    There are plenty of pre-existing lesson plans out there just begging for you to use.

    If your school or establishment has its own then you can use those and adapt them. 

    Have a look online for any free or paid downloadable lesson plans and even share them with other teachers.

    You can keep these lesson plans as but you will likely want to tweak them to fit your class. 

    The point is, why struggle when the work is already done for you?

    Browse our section of ESL teacher resources for lesson plans, worksheets, and other printables.

    Include Lots of Student Activities

    Make sure to include plenty of activities that get the students involved. 

    It’s difficult to write a lesson where you are talking for an hour straight and still managing to keep your students hooked and learning well.

    When you include more student activities you find it’s easier to write the lesson, reduces teacher talk time and your students are more likely to learn effectively.

    Make a Template

    Once you have a lesson plan design that works, you can then use that as a template for the next lesson plan.

    This can be a big timesaver as you don’t have to make everything from scratch each time.

    Make Backups

    Make sure you have a backup in case you lose your main plan. I used to keep digital copies of my lesson plans on my mobile phone so that I could check that in case anything happened.

    Also, make sure your assistants have their own copy of the plan so they know what should be happening at each step in the class.

    Practise the Activities

    It’s especially important to practise the activities if it’s the first time doing them. As well as being able to perform the task properly in class, it allows you to see how long it will take.

    This timing is important when planning your lessons as it allows you to be more precise with organising the timing of the activities and have a smoother flowing lesson.

    Don’t Skip the Warmup

    Whether you are teaching one-to-one or a room full of students, you shouldn’t skip the warmup. This is a chance to prepare the students for the lesson and flow naturally into the topic of the day.

    Make sure to factor this into your plan. For larger classes, you may way to keep things a little more controlled and spend one or two minutes on the warmup.

    For one-to-one classes, I usually aim for around 5-10 minutes as it allows me to personalise things a little more and build rapport. 

    The important thing though is this needs to be built into the timing of the lesson plan!

    Need ideas? Read our posts on warm-up activities and icebreaker activities.

    Make Room for a Review Section

    I have found it to be vital to include review sections in class.

    A lot of language learning is a memory game, this means that not only does a student have to learn a definition of a word or grammar concept but they have to remember it too.

    If your student doesn’t revise then these things will escape the memory frighteningly quickly.

    For this reason, I always build in a review section nearer the start of the lesson to check their knowledge of what we did in the previous lesson.

    You can check pronunciation and definition of words or even a “Can you remember what we did in the last lesson?”.

    As long as you are getting the students’ brains to reactivate some memories from what has been done before then they are more likely to remember these things in the long run.

    Example Lesson Plan

    Now we’ve covered everything that you need to create effective lesson plans.

    Let’s look at an example lesson plan about IELTS Speaking Practise to give you an impression of how (simple) a lesson plan can look like!

    example-lesson-plan

    Conclusion

    There we have it, everything you need to start building your very own lesson plans from scratch.

    Remember to experiment with the different parts you need for a lesson plan.

    Once you have something that works, use that as a template for future lesson plans to make your life even easier!

  • The Definitive Guide on Teaching English Pronunciation (PDF)

    The Definitive Guide on Teaching English Pronunciation (PDF)

    How often do your students say they struggle with pronunciation… It’s a lot, right?

    English can be really tough in this area and mastering how to teach it will really step up your game as a teacher.

    By the end of this article, you will know the pronunciation fundamentals that every teacher needs to know.

    You will learn effective activities and be given the resources needed to get the most from your student’s pronunciation. 

    So, without further ado, let’s get started!

    Objectives of Teaching Pronunciation

    When focussing on pronunciation it’s important that we focus on that… pronunciation. 

    This is different from accent reduction where the aim is to sound “like a native”. This goal can take many many years as well as a very high level of immersion.

    The point of pronunciation is that we understand which word the speaker is trying to say.

    We do this by focusing on things such as word stress, vowel sounds and consonant sounds.

    As mentioned, English is tough because although there are some rules, they tend to get broken so often. Added to that, there are plenty of words that sound different to how they are written and it’s a recipe for confusion!

    Incorrect pronunciation can lead to mild discomfort at best, and at worse, we could have some incredibly dangerous mistakes.

    E.g. A Dr that tells a Nurse to give a patient eighty milligrams of a drug instead of eighteen (because they missed out the n sound at the end!)

    International Phonetic Alphabet

    One invaluable tool that you will want to familiarise yourself with (if you haven’t already) is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

    This is a method of spelling words based on how the word sounds as opposed to how it is represented in a language.

    For example, cough is spelled /kɒf/. Here it is very easy to see that the final consonant sound is an /f/ and not some kind of g.

    Let’s look at other ways gh is used:

    • Ghost = /ɡəʊst/
    • Through = /θruː/ (silent)
    • Laugh = /lɑːf/
    • Bighead = /ˈbɪɡ.hed/
    • Hiccough = /ˈhɪkʌp/

    If you can introduce this to your students and show them how to find the phonetic spelling of words on a website like the Cambridge Dictionary then it’s similar to teaching them how to fish (rather than simply handing the fish over).

    How to Teach Word and Sentence Stress

    Teaching stress can be difficult depending on your student’s mother language. 

    For a student whose mother language is Russian, it can be fairly simple to explain which syllable the stress should fall on in a particular word. This is because Russian uses variable stress; this is similar to English where the stressed syllable can change in a non-predictable way.

    For students from languages such as Polish or Finnish where the stress is on a fixed syllable each time, you will need to explain the difference first.

    Then there are languages such as Mandarin or Thai where you will need to explain the concept of stress from the beginning as they more or less lack lexical stress altogether.

    Word Stress (Lexical Stress)

    For most intermediate and advanced students you will simply need to pronounce a chosen word with the correct stress and then have your students memorise it.

    Make sure to test these on a regular basis or have your students use some form of memory aid such as ANKI.

    ANKI

    ANKI is a free piece of software that is incredibly efficient at helping someone memorise large amounts of information. Very useful in language learning!

    It would be a good idea to look at some constants, such as how compound nouns will have the stress on the first syllable of the first word most of the time.

    You can also use the IPA spelling which gives the stress of a word with an apostrophe, useful for your students to check while doing self-study.

    For beginner students, you will need to explain things from the beginning.

    Pick a couple of words that have the stress on different syllables, say them out loud and ask your student if they can hear the difference.

    This works better if it’s a verb / noun pair.

    Examples: Verb-Noun-Pairs to Practise Word Stress

    to increase (verb) /ɪnˈkriːs/ — Increase (noun) /ˈɪn.kriːs/

    to record (verb) = /rɪˈkɔːd/ — Record (noun) = /ˈrek.ɔːd/

    to permit (verb) = /pəˈmɪt/ — Permit (noun) = /ˈpɜː.mɪt/

    to accent (verb) = /əkˈsent/ — Accent (noun) = /ˈæk.sənt/

    to digest (verb) = /daɪˈdʒest/ — Digest (noun) = /ˈdaɪ.dʒest/

    to overlap (verb) = /ˌəʊ.vəˈlæp/ — Overlap (noun) = /ˈəʊ.və.læp/

    They should be listening for a slight raise in pitch as well as raise in volume on the stressed syllables. Once they can hear it, get them to repeat what you are saying.

    Sentence Stress (Prosodic Stress)

    Although word stress is arguably the more important of these two to get right, eventually your more advanced students will benefit from learning about sentence stress.

    A great way to do this is to take a sentence that has plenty of variations of meaning depending on where the stress falls.

    Example: Sentence Stress Excercise

    Jim stole the chocolate cookie. = It was Jim who stole the cookie (not someone else).

    Jim stole the chocolate cookie. = It was theft that was done (not something else).

    Jim stole the chocolate cookie. = It was a chocolate cookie that was stolen (not another flavour).

    Jim stole the chocolate cookie. = It was a cookie that was stolen (not another chocolate flavoured thing).

    After using some examples you can ask your students to give you a sentence that has a particular meaning.

    E.g. Who was it that stole the cookie? Which cookie was stolen? etc.

    How to Teach Vowels

    When teaching vowels it’s important to consider your student’s mother language. 

    A lot of European languages have the same words with similar spelling. However, vowel sounds can shift in English. 

    A common example is the word chocolate. In many European countries, this word has a more pronounced ‘a’ vowel sound, this will often sound like the ‘a’ in late. However, in English, this is pronounced as a schwa: /ˈtʃɒk.lət/. 

    A schwa

    …is the unstressed vowel sound found in words such as the, about and pencil.

    This will not be the first time you will have to tell your students that a vowel is pronounced as a schwa instead of the vowel they are used to pronouncing in their own language.

    We can split our vowels into two groups: monophthongs and diphthongs. Let’s take a look at the differences and how to teach them.

    Monophthongs

    Monophthongs are the simple vowel sounds that you might find in words such as cat, boom and tree. 

    You will know when you are producing a monophthong as the shape of the mouth will stay the same.

    Have a look at your mouth as you produce the vowel sound in the words not (monophthong) and no (diphthong). In the vowel sound of not, your lips will stay in the same place. However, when you produce the vowel sound in no, you will find that the opening of the lips reduces.

    Get your students to do the same so that they can see and hear the difference.

    It would be handy to have a list of words that cover all of the monophthongs used in English. This way you can quickly test that your student can make all of the sounds.

    After this, you will need to do reading practise so that your students can associate those sounds with words when they read by themselves.

    Diphthongs

    Diphthongs are often known as gliding vowels. To make these sounds we take two monophthongs and then move between them to get our final sound.

    Examples are the vowels in words such as buy, lay, bow.

    Although many languages utilize diphthongs, they are non-existent in languages such as Japanese.

    For this reason, your students may struggle when introducing these sounds as they will naturally hear them as two different vowels and may give them too much separation.

    To break this habit you can have the student pronounce each monophthong separately and then gradually reduce the gap between them until you have a fast, smooth glide.

    How to Teach Consonants

    When looking at consonants it is common practise to separate these into two groups: voiceless and voiced sounds. Let’s look at the difference.

    Voiceless Sounds

    Voiceless consonants are sounds that nearly exclusively use just the teeth, tongue and lips to make the sound.

    These usually sound “harsher” and include:

    Voiceless Consonants

    • /k/
    • /f/
    • /p/
    • /s/
    • /t/
    • /ʃ/(sh)
    • /tʃ/(ch)
    • /θ/ (th)

    Most students shouldn’t have any problems reproducing these sounds. That being said, if the sounds they are producing seem too soft then you can ask them to really force the air out. Start by exaggerating and producing an overly forced sound and then soften it until it sounds natural.

    Voiced Sounds

    Voiced consonants are a lot softer in comparison. They still utilise the teeth, tongue and lips but the difference is that they bring the voicebox into play.

    You can check if you are making a voiced sound by placing your fingers on your voice cords. If you feel them vibrate quite a bit then it is likely a voice sound.

    Voiced consonants in English include:

    Voiced Consonants

    • /b/
    • /d/
    • /g/
    • /dʒ/ (j)
    • /m/
    • /n/
    • /v/
    • /w/
    • /j/ (y)
    • /z/

    Voiced and Voiceless Pairs

    Once you have established the difference between voiced and voiceless sounds you can introduce voiced and voiceless pairs. 

    Some voiced and voiceless sounds go together. They have the same teeth, tongue and lip movements. The only difference is that one doesn’t use the voicebox and has a more forceful sound.

    An example of this is /d/ and /t/. Get your students to say both of these sounds and notice the difference between them. When producing these it is important that there is enough of a difference so that the listener can differentiate them. 

    You can demonstrate this importance by using a phrase such as “He is Ted.” vs “He is dead.”

    As you can see, this slight change in consonant sound produces a very drastic difference in sentence!

    You can then give a list of other example pairs: 

    Examples: Voiced/Voiceless Pairs

    “My car has a dent.” vs “My car has a tent.”

    “I sent her a card.” vs “I sent her a guard.”

    “I need a pill.” vs “I need a bill.”

    “This is a gold chain.” vs “This is a gold Jane.”

    “I will visit the zoo.” vs “I will visit the Sue.”

    Activities

    After teaching the basics of pronunciation you will need ways to drill this information to memory.

    Remember that your students will often be unlearning habits from their native tongue which are ingrained in their minds as well as their muscles.

    This can take time so always reassure them when they make mistakes that it doesn’t need to be rushed.

    You find a selection of activties here – and even more in our dedicated list of ESL pronunciation activities.

    Tongue Twisters

    Advantage: Very targeted practice for specific sounds

    Disadvantage: Sentences are less natural and not likely to be encountered in English

    Tongue Twisters are one of my favourite ways to drill pronunciation.

    You can take a very specific sound or pair of sounds (e.g R/L for Japanese students or V/W for students of Slavic languages). You then get your students to read through the sentences slowly and each time they read, try it a little faster.

    Examples: Tongue Twisters

    “She sells seashells by the seashore.”

    “Red lorry, yellow lorry, loud lorry, run!”

    “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”

    “Veronica went away to view a vase”

    “They thought the thistles touched their tongues though.”

    These will be difficult at first because there are so many tricky sounds but the idea is doing focussed difficult practice like this will make everything else seem easier. Similar to how lifting heavy weights in a gym makes everything else feel lighter after.

    Word Lists

    Advantage: Can be used for very common words with a particular sound

    Disadvantage: Can get boring quickly

    Word lists are much simpler in nature. We now just have a list of words that have the target sound in them.

    These are great for examples and are essential in associating certain sounds with certain spellings.

    That being said, reading a list of words can get a little boring quickly. For that reason maybe pick 10 or so, spend a few minutes on practising the pronunciation and then move on.

    Reading

    Advantage: Can test a wide range of sounds

    Disadvantage: The sounds are so varied so it’s not great for practicing a specific sound

    Now, this is a much more natural activity. Find a piece of text from the news, a story or wherever you want.

    Have your student read out loud and just make a note of any words that aren’t quite right. After a few paragraphs, check these words with your students. 

    Sometimes a student doesn’t know the correct pronunciation of a word and sometimes they just made a one-off mistake.

    For this reason I like to ask them to read that word again without saying the pronunciation myself to see whether we need to spend time memorising it later.

    Movie Mimicking

    Advantage: Great for practising with a reference

    Disadvantage: Less mentally engaging

    Take a movie clip (youtube is a great source for this) and play a sentence and then have your student copy along.

    This is called mimicking and is great at achieving correct pronunciation and can also be used for accent reduction.

    This one can work well in class for short periods of time but I prefer to set this type of activity for homework when the student can do it in their own time.

    Flashcards

    Advantage: Incredibly efficient

    Disadvantage: Takes a bit of time to set up

    This is a very powerful way of memorising pronunciation (a must in English where the words can be spelt so differently from how they sound.)

    We will use ANKI for this. First, help your student to set up ANKI and create their first cards.

    On side A: Write the target word (e.g. challenge)

    On side B: You can either spell the word phonetically, get a recording of the word and attach it to the card or both! (e.g. /ˈtʃæl.ɪndʒ/)

    Now, your student will have a reminder to revise these words as well as the reference for each one. For each review, they will be shown either side A or B and will have to recall what the other side is.

    I recommend helping them set up ANKI in class and then sending them the reference files etc as homework.

    Go this way if you need activities to teach English grammar, too.

    Resources

    When teaching pronunciation you are going to need text… a lot of text!

    This section will give you the places to find articles, stories etc to practise with your students.

    I’ve also curated a list of the best books to help develop your pronunciation teaching skills and get the very best out of your students.

    News Websites

    BBC News

    As mentioned already, BBC news is a great resource.

    It is continually being updated with new stories, it is well written and uses a wide range of vocabulary that is ideal for testing all sounds that are pronounced in British English.

    Wired Magazine

    I like Wired magazine as it is more specific to technology.

    This is great if you have a student that has a passion for this area or works in this industry. It allows you to test their pronunciation on niche words that they will often use, very useful!

    News in Easy English

    News in Easy English is my go-to website when I need to check the pronunciation of a beginner student.

    Most of the language used is fairly simple and is a great way to get the foundations locked down.

    Books

    How to Teach Pronunciation

    This is essential reading for teaching pronunciation. [amazon link=”0582429757″ title=”How to Teach Pronunciation”] covers the basics (such as vowels and consonants) all the way to more advanced topics such as intonation and connected speech. 

    It also includes sample lessons to give you immediate ideas on how to start applying these concepts in your lessons.

    Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary

    Exactly as it sounds, the [amazon link=”0521765757″ title=”Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary”] contains over 230,000 words and gives the IPA spelling for each. Extremely useful if you are learning how to read and write using the IPA and if you need to check the pronunciation of a word without access to the internet. 

    As well as the pronunciation list, it contains essays, notes and a glossary explaining various aspects of pronunciation.

    Pronunciation Contrasts in English

    [amazon link=”1577666410″ title=”Pronunciation Contrasts in English”] is a great book for highlighting the differences between certain sounds.

    The authors have brought together the experience of 50 ESL teachers as well as their own experience in teaching and present clear concepts and patterns to help teach non-native students. 

    This is the ideal choice for teaching minimal pairs and other such similar sounds.

    Summary

    So you should now have a much clearer idea of how to teach English pronunciation to your students.

    Remember that you will find a lot of students who choose to self-study and are happy building their grammar and reading skills alone.

    However, pronunciation is one of the areas that has been the most in-demand with my students.

    Being able to provide feedback and explain pronunciation concepts in a concise and easy to understand way has kept my students coming back for more.

    Get this right and you will find the same happening for your lessons!

    Browse the full archive of ESL teaching resources.

  • 12 Great ESL Listening Activities & Games

    12 Great ESL Listening Activities & Games

    Do you struggle with finding interesting ways to teach ESL listening skills?

    Maybe you have an activity or two already but you want to be able to mix it up and keep things interesting.

    By the end of this article, you will have 12 interesting English listening activities that you can use with ESL students of various ages and skill levels.

    We even selected some great resources for your next listening lesson!

    ESL listening exercises free worksheets

    Why are Listening Skills so Important?

    Listening makes up one of the four core areas of language: reading, writing, speaking and listening.

    If our students’ listening isn’t good enough then they are missing out on a quarter of their language ability!

    Listening is needed in order to do things such as watching movies, listening to music and having conversations.

    The problem is that this skill can easily become underdeveloped. Visual tasks such as reading and writing may seem more comfortable and so students may prefer to give these more time.

    While this may be easier in the short run it means that those skills become a lot stronger but their listening gets left in the dirt.

    We need to make a conscious effort to give listening skills the attention they deserve!

    This article has a list of plenty of listening exercises that you can begin using today and let your student’s listening skills play catch up!

    Browse our full archive of ESL teacher resources and worksheets.

    12 Low or No Prep ESL Listening Activities

    Here is the list of activities, exercises, and games that you can start using with your students to improve their listening skills.

    Everything has been arranged into different groups to make finding the right activity for the right student even easier. Let’s begin!

    Listening Exercises for Beginners

    Gap Fill (Cloze Testing)

    Start by writing out a sentence but omit some of the words. Each student needs a copy of this sentence.

    Next, you simply read the sentence (including the missing word) and the students fill in the missing word.

    Difficulty can be increased by omitting more words, speaking quicker or changing which words you leave out.

    For example, if you have a sentence such as “I like to … cake” it is fairly easy to guess a word like “eat”, there are only so many words that would make sense here.

    However, if we instead have a sentence like “I like to eat …” then all of a sudden there are so many more words that could fit there which makes it harder.

    Always review the students’ results and use them as feedback for creating the next set of exercises.

    Resource tip: Here is a selection of sample gap-fill texts.

    Odd Word Out

    With this activity, you need to first take a piece of a chosen text. 

    You then need to create another version of this text for the students and in this version, you will need to change some of the words.

    You then read out loud the text from your copy and the students have to circle which words are different.

    This is a great activity as it trains the students to really focus on the sounds and how they match the words.

    You can increase the difficulty by either using more difficult text, using a longer piece of text or by increasing the number of incorrect words.

    Bonus points if the students can tell you what the correct word should be that you said!

    Resource tip: Here you can find some easy stories to use for this exercise.

    Choose the Right Picture

    This activity is great for building listening skills with simple vocabulary. It’s very easy to set up too!

    You first need a selection of pictures, one for each piece of target vocabulary. Each picture needs a corresponding letter. For example, if we have 26 pictures then we can use ‘A’ for the first picture and ‘B’ for the next picture etc.

    If this is done with more than one student then put all of these pictures on one or two sheets of paper and make copies for everyone.

    You then simply need to say one of the words from your selection and your students need to write the letter for that picture down.

    For complete beginners, it’s better to say the target words in isolation but you can increase the difficulty by giving them phrases or sentences with the target word “hidden in them”. After a while, you could even include more than one target word to really ramp up the challenge.

    Download vocabulary flashcards on classroom objects, body parts and shape names here.

    Listening Activities for Advanced Students

    Summarise

    For this exercise, you will first need to have a piece of text with plenty of information. News articles are great for this.

    You then either need a recording of the text being spoken or a script so that you can read it yourself.

    Students will have to listen to what is being said, understand it and then write down a summary of the most important parts.

    This can be quite a difficult task as there are a number of different skills students need to employ but it is extremely useful for comprehension.

    In fact, this activity makes up part of the PTE exam so is especially great if you prepare any students for that.

    Resource tip: My favourite site for news stories is BBC news.

    Movie Star

    First, you will need a movie clip with just two characters speaking (around 1-2 minutes).

    Next pair two of your students and assign one of the characters to each student.

    Your students will get a chance to watch the clip now and they will have to make notes on the dialogue.

    Once they have made their notes they will then have to perform the scene themselves.

    Now obviously it is unlikely they are going to get it word for word. Instead, you need to focus on them conveying the important parts of the scene. Make sure to tell them this in advance so that they don’t feel too stressed about trying to memorise every single word.

    If you want to increase the difficulty then try this without any visual, just allow the students to listen to the scene. This makes it much harder as there is no visual context for what’s happening.

    Also, you can choose a film that is less likely to be known by the students to make things even trickier.

    Resource tip: You can either curate your movie collection to find some good scenes or even easier just search for them on youtube!

    Take a Message

    This is an activity which is extremely practical as it’s something that will need to be done in a workplace for example.

    Your student will play the part of a secretary. The boss isn’t in right now and so they will need to take a message for later.

    For the telephone message, you can ring the student from another room. If this isn’t possible then ring from at least the other side of the room and facing away from each other so that they don’t get any visual clues.

    This is similar to the “Summarise” activity but this time the quality of the call will be degraded as it’s coming from a telephone. This is also a conversation so the student will also have a chance to ask you to repeat details or confirm certain things.

    This activity is a great chance to teach your students some stock phrases such as “I’m sorry, could you repeat that?” as well as teaching them how to spell things using the NATO phonetic alphabet (alfa, bravo, charlie).

    Memory Race / Running Dictation

    Start by printing out some short pieces of text. You need to stick these around the classroom.

    Next, split your students into pairs. Student A is the “fetcher” and student B is the “writer”.

    Student B has to stay at their desk with their pen and paper. They are in charge of writing down the information they hear from student A.

    Student A has to walk (or run if it’ safe!) to where the paper is. They then have to read and remember as much of it as possible before telling student B the information to write down.

    They will need repeated trips to get it all, so it is motivating for them to remember as much as possible.

    The first team to get their paper written down (with relatively few mistakes) is the winner!

    This game is great for waking your students up and getting them moving about.

    Remember to switch over so that everyone gets a turn.

    Resource tip: Try using some short stories for this exercise.

    Here’s a more detailed instruction on running dictations.

    Listening Games for Children

    Simon Says

    If you haven’t played Simon says before then let me break down the rules to this classic children’s game.

    First, the teacher will say “Simon says” followed by a verb phrase, e.g. “Simon says jump”. The students then have to do the actions. 

    You can make this competitive by having a student lose a point if they do it wrong, or if they’re the last.

    However, if you’d prefer to keep a more relaxed environment (possibly better with younger students) then even just having them copy you will be fun enough as it gets them moving around.

    Resource tip: The wikipedia page has a list of the names of this game in other languages so that your students can recognize it immediately!

    Treasure Hunt

    Another active game to wake up your younger students.

    The idea for this game is for the teacher to say a word, e.g. “clock”, the students then have to get to that item as quickly as possible.

    In order to make this a little more difficult, you could just say a letter and the students have to run to something that has the same first letter. E.g. if you say “b” then the students could run to the board or to a ball. 

    Resource tip: If there aren’t enough things in the classroom then you can print out some vocabulary cards and hide them around the room.

    Call & Response

    This one is good for training listening memory and can be a lot of fun for kids to be loud!

    Simply take a word or short phrase, say it out loud and get them to shout it back to you as loud as they can!

    This is very high energy so is great if you catch them falling asleep.

    This works even better if you use a song or a chant to bring the energy levels up and make it even more fun!

    Again, the length of the phrase can influence the difficulty. You could warm up with single words before making longer phrases later on.

    E.g 

    “hello” … “hello”

    “I’m happy” … “I’m happy”

    “I’m happy to meet you” … “I’m happy to meet you”

    Resource tip: Here’s a long list of great call and response ideas.

    Listening Activities for Adults

    “Drinking” Game

    This is based on the classic drinking game where every time someone says a designated word you have to drink.

    Now we can’t exactly do the same here (unless you have a very particular kind of student!) so we will have to replace the drinking alcohol with some other kind of activity.

    You could take a sip of water or coffee instead or you could act out some kind of activity, e.g. every time somebody says the word “fall” you have to clap your hands.

    Once you have the rules set out you then need the audio. For this, you can either find your own audio material on youtube etc or you can simply read it yourself.

    Bear in mind that if you do read it yourself then your attention will be split between reading and focussing on the student’s ability.

    Resource tip: Here is a list of useful podcasts you can use for this exercise.

    Transcription

    This one is a little less fun but ideal for more serious students.

    Simply take a piece of text, and read parts at a time with the student writing or typing what you are saying.

    For this, I start slow by saying one word at a time with a gap in between each. After a while move up to doing two words with a gap in between and keep increasing the number of words.

    The idea is to eventually get to a point where the student can transcribe entire sentences.

    Once you have finished with a sentence then go through and mark it.

    This is a good time to talk about logic in sentences.

    For example, if they wrote down “Yesterday, I went to the peck and had a picnic.” then we could talk about why “peck” is not such a good choice here. We are expecting a noun and specifically a place.

    Once we have gone through the type of word that should go there then they are more likely to end up with the right word “park”.

    Resource tip: The Guardian is constantly updated with relevant news articles.

    Meeting Minutes

    In this exercise, you are roleplaying a meeting. 

    The teacher’s role is to speak on a particular topic for 5 minutes or so and the students have to listen and create minutes of the “meeting”.

    The purpose of this exercise is for students to scan for the most important information and make a note of it.

    The minutes they create can be basic bullet points as long as they have correct and relevant information. You can also give them a few minutes to tidy up their notes at the end.

    This exercise is great because it is very relevant to utilizing listening skills in a real-world environment so the students will benefit greatly from this.

    To mix things up you could also get one of the other students to speak in the meeting and have everyone else create minutes from them.

    Resource tip: This page has plenty of roleplays and activities for meetings.

    Conclusion

    As I’ve said before, this is an area that can be easily neglected especially if your students aren’t doing much in the way of self-study.

    Make sure to revisit their listening skills often to keep everything even.

    Find great ESL speaking activities for your students here.

    Also, it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with as many of these as possible so that you are able to mix things up and keep your classes interesting and fun for your students.

    Free Worksheets with Listening Exercises

    Head over to our list of ESL listening worksheets.

  • 33 Sure-Fire Strategies & Activities for Teaching English Grammar

    33 Sure-Fire Strategies & Activities for Teaching English Grammar

    Grammar… how do we teach it?

    Is it just reciting monotonously from a textbook and hoping that the students are on board?

    Can we make it more interactive and dare I say, even fun?

    Read on and find out yourself!

    Whether you’re new to teaching English (ESL) or are just looking for new ways to keep things fresh in the classroom, there is something in this guide about teaching grammar for everyone.

    After using some of these 33 strategies and activities, don’t be surprised if you’re soon being harassed by other teachers who want to know your secrets!

    Why Inspiring Grammar Lessons Are So Important

    Grammar in any language is important, that’s a fact and English grammar is no exception. Learning grammar can be no easy task and teaching it can be even harder!

    There are a number of reasons that can make teaching grammar a difficult task, including fossilized errors, irregularity of verbs, plurals, etc and vast differences between English and the student’s mother tongue.

    Another issue can come from the mindset of the students. If they have experienced dry, boring grammar lessons in the past then they will likely expect the same this time around.

    It is important for you to break the mold and allow your great grammar lessons to captivate and inspire your ESL students to get the best results from them.

    So… How do we do this?

    7 Sure-Fire Strategies and Survival Tips for Your Grammar Lessons

    Let’s have a look at some “survival tips” to help you and your students navigate the jungle that is English grammar.

    1. Teaching Grammar in Context

    One method of teaching which has had a lot of success is teaching grammar in context.

    This makes sense as we created “grammar rules” as a way to make sense of the patterns that we use in the language. They are not arbitrary systems imagined out of thin air.

    For this reason, it makes sense to see how these rules apply in the language.

    Use different example sentences so that students can see how we can use these rules. It’s important to show why these are useful and why someone would want to use these.

    It’s all well and good teaching a student the intricacies of the past perfect tense but if it hasn’t clicked in the student’s mind why they would want to use such a device then it most likely won’t get used in their active language skills.

    2. Teaching Grammar Rules Inductively

    Inductive teaching is a very useful tool when it comes to teaching grammar. Let’s have a look at how it works.

    We start with specific examples, such as sentences that all use a particular grammar point. The students then use these examples to come to their own conclusions about what the rule is.

    This is in contrast with deductive teaching, which starts by teaching the rule/s first and then looking at examples afterward.

    This teaching style is great as it starts with a real-world example that already gives the grammar device relevance. It then forces students to engage cognitively instead of passively taking in a presentation which they may or may not be on board with.

    The idea is that a student who engages in this way is more likely to understand and retain a particular point.

    That being said, while this method can be very successful with some aspects of grammar which are generally straightforward (such as adjectives), there are some areas of grammar (such as articles) where it may not be as effective due to the large number of rules and irregularities that can occur.

    3. Grammar Placement Testing

    One thing that needs to be known before we start teaching grammar is what the students actually know.

    For a class learning English as a foreign language from the very beginning, this is a lot simpler. We can somewhat assume the students are a blank slate and we just need to stick to the syllabus.

    Maybe some have had some prior outside tuition and have covered certain areas, these students can be assigned harder tasks to avoid boredom but the vast majority will be at the same level.

    If we are teaching one-to-one classes though, our job becomes a little more tricky. Not everyone learns grammar in a fixed order so the things a student knows can be a bit “random”.

    Even if they showed you a syllabus of what they have covered, there may be some areas that require doubling back on if they have forgotten or didn’t understand properly in the first place.

    How do we know which topics these are?

    This is where placement testing becomes extremely useful. The student is given a test designed to test them on a variety of different grammar points. From this, the teacher is able to see where the student’s weaknesses are and use that to form a plan of what needs to be studied.

    You’ll can take the online English placement test by Macmillan here.

    4. Teaching Grammar Through Writing

    Writing is fundamental for teaching grammar. When explaining structure you and your students need to see what is happening in order to make sense of it.

    The nice thing about practicing writing (compared to speaking) is that it gives the students time to think and work things out. You can plan worksheets beforehand to work through and these can also be used to set homework.

    Browse our archive of grammar worksheets here on JIMMYESL.

    5. Teaching Grammar in the Conversation

    There is something to using grammar by using conversation too.

    It may be worth doing this after the student has had a chance to practise with writing first to boost their confidence.

    A good idea is to have a free conversation session at the end of the lesson where you can use the new grammar concept. This is more likely to have the concept “stick” when the student speaks in the language in the future.

    Need ideas for conversational lessons? Here are 7 easy ESL speaking activities and a huge list of ESL conversation starters and questions.

    6. Teaching Grammar to Kids vs. Adults

    Teaching children and teaching adults can be two very different things!

    Let’s look at some of the differences.

    When teaching children, a big challenge is engagement. Expecting a class of 6-year-olds to sit still for an hour and watch you explain grammar points on a board is not realistic.

    Doing activities that get them physically involved (games), mixing up activities often and using examples with things like pictures will help draw them into the subject.

    Also, it’s a good idea not to drop too much on them at once. Maybe introduce the present simple tense into a class on verbs, instead of bombarding them on all of the simple tenses and their rules for a whole class.

    Teaching adults with regards to grammar can sometimes be easier. Adults tend to have a little more patience and are usually ok taking their time to focus on each point without needing a new activity every few minutes or a game to liven things up.

    That being said, some variety is still needed to keep them interested but there is less pressure in this area than with children.

    Adult beginners will usually go along with the tasks set and will only really ask things if they don’t understand something.

    Be aware though that the more advanced students can ask you a lot of background questions about a particular topic especially if they are very interested — e.g “why would we use the past perfect continuous instead of the past simple?” — so it’s a good idea to make sure you are prepared!

    7. Tackling Common Grammar Mistakes

    It’s important to tackle common mistakes early before they become fossilized, otherwise, it can be an uphill battle!

    Here are some of the common grammar mistakes you should watch out for with your students:

    • Adding “s” to noncount nouns
    • Missing articles
    • Improper placement of adverbs
    • Subject / verb agreement

    If you are teaching a particular grammar point then it is important to stop a student and correct them immediately if they make a mistake related to that grammar point.

    I’ve seen students self-correct after just a few of these interruptions so it doesn’t take long!

    To reinforce these points you can set homework (such as essay questions) that are designed to get the student to use the taught grammar.

    13 Great Games and Activities to Teach Grammar Rules

    Having a list of fun games and activities for your class is a necessity.

    Not only will you have great material for your lesson plans but you will also feel confident knowing you have something to fall back on if things don’t go according to plan or if you start losing the students’ attention.

    1. (Reverse) Taboo

    Subject: Adjectives

    A student has to get either the teacher or other students to guess a particular word by only using adjectives to describe what it is.

    Example:

    A ball – “round, bouncy”

    2. Sentence Expansion

    Subject: Adverbs

    Write a simple sentence. Then get the student to insert an adverb.  

    Example:

    “He eats sandwiches.” – “He eats sandwiches noisily.”

    3. Article Drop

    Subject: Articles

    Take a section of a text and remove all of the articles from it. The students have to put the articles back in where they think they should go.

    For a more competitive element, you could split the class into two teams who have to work together to complete the task first.

    Example:

    “[…] man went to […] shop and bought […] ice cream.”

    4. I want…

    Subject: Determiners

    Split the students into groups and get them to ask the other group for things like “that pen” or “those sweets” etc.

    Example:

    “Have you seen that boy over there?”

    “Do you like this pair of jeans?”

    5. He/she said…

    Subject: Direct and Indirect Speech

    Pair students up. Have student 1 say a sentence. Get student 2 to tell us what student 1 said. Carry on from student to student.

    If you are teaching one to one lessons then you could always use a scene from a movie and get the student to tell you what the actors said.

    Example:

    Student 1 “Yesterday I went to school.”

    Student 2 “Student 1 said he went to school yesterday.” – “I want an apple.”

    Student 3 “Student 2 said she wants an apple.” – “I like cats.”

    6. Fact Finder

    Subject: Gerunds or Present Participle

    Pair students up and get them to find out five facts about the other. These facts must be made up of at least one gerund or present participle.

    Example:

    “Jane likes snowboarding”

    “Ben is studying English”

    7. I Spy With My Little Eye

    Subject: Nouns

    A classic for beginners. Use the phrase “I spy with my little eye, something beginning with…” followed by the first letter of a noun that is in the room. The other students have to guess what the word is.

    Example:

    Student 1 “I spy with my little eye something beginning with ‘a’.”

    Student 2 “Is it an axe?”

    Student 1 “No.”

    Student 3 “Is it an apple?”

    Student 1 “Yes!”

    8. Voice Switch

    Subject: Active and Passive Voice

    Ask the students to convert a sentence from an active voice to the passive voice and vice versa.

    Example:

    “The man ate the cookie.” -> “The cookie was eaten by the man.”

    9. Whose Is It?

    Subject: Possessives

    Give an object (e.g. a ball) to a student and ask the others whose it is (“his”, “Jim’s”, etc).

    Repeat this a few times and then move on to splitting the class into groups so that this time it is now “theirs” / “ours” etc.

    Example:

    “Whose is this?”

    “It is Jane’s”

    “Good, and whose is this?”

    “It is mine.”

    10. Guess Who

    Subject: Relative Clauses

    You can use the classic game “guess who”. The rules are the same as the original. Each person has a collection of faces in front of them, they also have a card with one particular face on. They then each take it in turns to ask questions and find out which card the other player has.

    The difference with this game is that we have to use a relative clause in our questions.

    Example:

    The students have a selection of faces in front of them.

    They have to find out the chosen face by asking questions:

    “Do they wear glasses?” – “Is it someone who wears glasses?”

    11. Interview

    Subject: to-Infinitives

    Pair the students up and one can be the interviewer while the other can be the interviewee. The aim is to find out what the person being interviewed “likes to do”.

    After they have a few answers, students swap roles. This is designed to test “to-infinitives” so make sure the students use the “to verb” format in their answers.

    Example:

    “What do you like to do?”

    “I like to ski.”

    12. Delegation

    Subject: Causative Verbs

    Split the students into groups of three: the boss, the boss’s assistant, and the worker. The boss needs to get the assistant to ask the worker to do a task.

    Example:

    Boss: “Have Student C stack the documents.”

    Assistant: “Stack the documents.”

    Worker: “Ok.”

    Rotate this so everybody gets a turn.

    You can also have the students use “get” after a few repetitions. (Make sure to explain that “get” is more casual.)

    13. Simon Says

    Subject: Verbs and Verb Tenses

    This is a great one for getting the attention of younger learners when teaching verbs. Say the sentences “Simon says…” and then add a phrase after it such as “jump up”. The students then have to do what you say.

    Example:

    “Simon says ‘stand up’”

    *Class stands up

    “Simon says ‘sit down’”

    *Class sits down

    How to Teach Specific Grammar Areas

    Now that we have gone over an overview of grammar overall, it’s time to look at the methods of delivery for each specific area.

    It goes without saying that you need to be comfortable with whatever topic you are delivering so that you are prepared in case you get any of those “curveball questions”. These sections will look at the teaching of each topic. For the background information, there is a more in-depth resource list at the end of the article.

    1. Adjectives

    What are adjectives?: Describing words for nouns.

    “The tall building.” / “The ball is red.” / “That car is expensive.”

    Adjectives are quite straightforward. Most languages will have an equivalent so it is quite an easy concept to grasp. Getting the student/s to use the adjectives will prove very useful and will help them “stick” a bit better when they can be visualized.

    More info on adjectives.

    2. Adverbs

    What are adverbs?: Describing words for verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.

    “He suddenly woke up.” / “The car is very small.” / “She sings really well.”

    Now adverbs get a little trickier. Students often struggle with getting the order of words right with adverbs. A good idea is to split the adverbs up into groups (degree, time, manner, etc) and teach each group individually before moving on to the next.

    Seeing these adverbs used in context will be very useful and getting the students to identify which type of adverb is being used in a sentence will also help get them to think about their own word order.

    More info on adverbs.

    3. Articles

    What are articles?: They tell us if a noun is specific or general.

    “I have a car.” / “Do you want an apple?” / “I will take the day off work.”

    Articles are a simple concept to begin with. Most students who have spent any time with the language knows that we have to use them but they do get a fair amount of misuse. More exposure to the language and seeing lots of example sentences help to see how they are used.

    More info on articles.

    4. Determiners

    What are determiners?: Pointing words.

    “I want that one.” / “Do you want these?” / “No, I want those ones.”

    These are some of the first things a student will learn on their English journey. As it is likely to be children you are teaching, it may help to be a little more interactive and use props to help engage them in the lesson.

    More info on determiners.

    5. Direct and Indirect Speech

    What is direct and indirect speech?: Quoting speech

    “He said ‘hello’.” / “She said she would text me.” / I said that yesterday.”

    This is a great area to get your students interacting with each other and testing their listening skills at the same time.

    More info on direct and indirect speech.

    6. Gerunds and Present Participle (ing-form)

    What are gerunds and the present participle?: Making nouns from verbs

    “He is running down the street.” / “I am working in a school.” / “I like playing football.”

    These are good to teach at the same time. As they both have the same ending it is easy for students to get the two confused.

    This is where inductive teaching can play a valuable part.

    Put two sentences on the board, one of these sentences uses a gerund and the other has a sentence in the continuous tense.

    First, ask students if they can spot the difference. If they can’t guess it then start asking questions such as “where is the verb in this sentence?” or “where is the noun?”.

    Once you’ve drawn their attention to that and explained the difference then they should be able to guess any more examples you send their way.

    More info on gerunds and present participles.

    7. Nouns

    What are nouns?: Names / objects.

    “This is a ball.” / “Hello, my name is Tim.” / “There is a lot of information here.”

    It’s very easy to explain these to beginners and nouns are some of the first words that students learn. In English there are certain rules that have to be obeyed though such as:

    • Capitalization
    • Singular / plural nouns
    • Count vs Non-count

    We can also open things up by talking about topics such as compound nouns, collective nouns as well as abstract nouns.

    More info on nouns.

    8. Passive Voice

    What is the passive voice?: When something is done to the subject.

    “The cookie was eaten.” / “The signature was forged.” / “The person was murdered.”

    The passive voice is extremely useful when teaching students who are studying for things such as IELTS (that requires a high level of academic writing). It is worth setting these students essay questions for homework on a regularly basis and getting them to use the passive voice in their answers.

    More info on the passive voice.

    9. Possessive

    What are possessives?: Belonging words.

    “That is my car.”/ “This is yours.” / “The summer of love.”

    For beginners we can use flashcards or the students themselves to demonstrate the possessive form and it shouldn’t take too long to grasp. The difficulty usually comes in when trying to decide where the apostrophes go in things like singular and plural nouns. For this reason it’s a good idea to teach these around the same time as singular vs plural.

    More info on possessives.

    10. Relative Clauses

    What are relative clauses?: A clause that adds additional information to a sentence.

    “I went to the place where I was born.” / “I bought a dress that looks really nice.” / “This is that person who I told you about.”

    Relative clauses can be a messy area. It’s a good idea to take things slowly and lay the groundwork. First look at sentence structure, look at the differences between phrases, clauses and sentences. Once you have this locked down then you can build that and introduce relative clauses.

    As you get into more technical aspects of grammar like this it is a good idea to get the students to make their own sentences using the construct. With simpler aspects of grammar it’s very easy for them to see the value in a certain point and find the motivation to use it.

    When things get more difficult though they will need an extra push in seeing why it has use and why they should use a more difficult sentence structure (compared to using two separate simple sentences.)

    More info on relative clauses.

    11. The To-Infinitive

    What are to-infinitives?: Verbs that can be used as nouns or paired with other verbs.

    “I want to go.” / “He needs to do his homework.” / “She has to buy a ticket.”

    When tackling the topic of to-infinitives it is most likely a good idea to bring gerunds into the mix as they can sometimes act in similar ways. Start by introducing two sentences, one using a to-infinitive and one using a gerund:

    • I like skiing.
    • I like to ski.

    Once they have seen that you can use both in similar ways then the next obvious question is “why should we use one or the other?”. At this point you can introduce sentences where one is a preferable choice:

    • I want to play football.
    • I want playing football.

    You can explain the situations where gerunds are prefered and situations where to-infinitives are preferred. After that you can get them to correct mistakes, choose between a gerund or to-infinitive and then finally give them scenarios where they get a chance to form their own sentences with either type of verb.

    More info on to-infinitives.

    12. Causative Verbs

    What are causative verbs?: Making somebody else do an action.

    “I had my haircut.”/ “I got Jim to fix the car.” / “I got my house cleaned.”

    Causatives are usually a little more advanced but you can still have a lot of fun with them especially as there’s a lot of opportunity to get movement involved and act things out.

    More info on causative verbs.

    13. Verbs and Verb Tenses

    What are verbs and verb tenses?: Actions and when they happen in time.

    “I went to the shop.” / “I am going to the shop.” / “I will go to the shop.”

    You’re going to have a much easier time explaining things like tenses with a diagram related to time. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a timeline on a board or a clock, as long as it’s something visual to point at it will make your life a lot easier.

    More info on verbs and verb tenses.

    More Resources for Teaching English Grammar

  • 18 Tips on Giving Great English Conversation Lessons for Adults (PDF)

    18 Tips on Giving Great English Conversation Lessons for Adults (PDF)

    Conversation lessons are a great way to practice and develop speaking skills for adults (and teenagers), but you may be a little lost on how to give your student the most out of the lesson.

    You don’t want to just show up to the lesson and chat. You should want to give them the most value out of each conversation lesson you have.

    The tips below on how to give a professional English conversation lesson for adults will steer you in the right direction.

    Ready? Here come the tips!

    1. Assess the Student’s Skill Level

    If you teach English conversation lessons, you’ve probably already worked with or will work with students who have a range of skill levels, all the way from beginner to advanced.

    When you teach beginner level students (A1), your job will probably consist of training the basics of: grammar tenses (present simple, present continuous, etc.), communication skills (“Hello, where is the train station?”), and vocabulary words (table, walk, arm, heavy, etc.) before they are able to start using the language in a natural conversational type of setting.

    So in the case that you teach beginners, it means that your students aren’t quite at a conversational level yet and need more time to get there, which in turn means you obviously won’t be having conversation lessons.

    If you do have beginner students, you will have to approach the lesson in a different way and use different techniques to get them to a conversational level. This should be your goal with a beginner student – prime them for becoming “conversational” English speakers.

    But for pre-intermediate (A2) to advanced (C1) students, your students are probably already well-versed or at least have some degree of conversational communication skills, and therefore have different needs.

    This is where the value of being able to teach a great English conversation lesson comes in, and teenage and adult language learners generally value the chance to practice their conversation skills during lessons because it trains them to be able to communicate effectively and easily with people in practical, everyday situations.

    So, first, you need to get a good sense of where your students are in terms of their skill level to determine how you approach, prepare for, and carry out your lessons.

    For levels above the beginner stage, which means A2 and above, the tips that follow below should serve as a good baseline on how to carry out your lessons and develop their conversational skills.

    cefr-language-proficiency-levels

    Bottom line: Getting a good sense of the student’s skill level will help you how to prepare for the lesson. If they’re beginners (A1), your goal should be to get your students to a conversational level. If they’re pre-intermediate (A2) or higher, your goal should be developing and improving the conversational skills they already have, which brings us to the next point…

    2. Show Interest in your Students’ Interests and Focus on Their Personal, Work, or School Life

    If you already know that your students are at least at a conversational level, in your first lesson with your new student(s), you should do some introductory tasks such as finding out about their school or work life, their responsibilities at their job, something about their family, home life, why they need English, their experience with and goals for English, as well as personal hobbies and interests.

    When you get to know about their goals in English, their personal interests, their job or school life, you should try to hit on these two points moving forward in your next lessons.

    Students will improve faster when they’re talking about things they care and know something about.

    Showing genuine interest in your students’ own interests and their personal, work, or school life will go a long way. We all love to talk about ourselves, and the more the conversation hovers around the life and interests of the student, the more the student will speak.

    The more a student speaks, the more comfortable they feel in the language. The more comfortable they feel in the language, the more they will improve.

    This will also make your job easier because they are more likely to steal the conversation and all the talking time – which is exactly what you want!

    It gives your student the time they want and need to practice developing their speaking skills, and it takes the pressure off you to be constantly active during the lesson. In a conversation lesson, I recommend an 80-20 or 75-25 relation for student-teacher talking time.

    Bottom line: Learning about and striking on the topics that get your students excited or are important to them will naturally make them speak and improve because they’ll want to dominate the conversation with their knowledge and experience in these fields. The more your student talks, the more practice they get, and the more they improve. It’s a win-win for both you and the student because they get to speak and you get a lot of pressure taken off of you.

    3. Prepare Videos, Articles, or Stories to Talk About

    If one of my students works in IT or is interested in playing video games, or technology in general, I might search for a good video to watch, online articles, stories to read, interviews, or prepare discussion questions relevant to modern tech devices, computers, video games, mobile applications, artificial intelligence, robots, etc. and bring material on this topic to the lesson.

    You could also bring a pre-made lesson plan on a technology-related topic.

    A lesson plan like this will give you engaging material to help your student develop the skills they need to talk about modern technology, its impacts on the world, robots, and artificial intelligence.

    Since the student is emotionally invested in the topic of technology, they’ll be inspired to share their thoughts on this particular video (in reference to the above link). That lesson plan specifically will give you great material to work with.

    You can then easily steer the conversation in the direction of the student’s own opinions about robots and technology, their experience and skills in IT, their favorite video games, tech devices etc. which they should have a lot to share and talk about.

    Sit back and listen to what they have to say about the topic. Ask a lot of questions and show a lot of interest in what they’re talking about, even if you aren’t an IT or tech-person. Maybe your student will even teach you something interesting about it.

    Bottom line: Getting prepared with some content related to the interest of the student will give you the grounds for developing good, meaningful, and productive conversations with them.

    4. Tie in Local News Topics into Your Lessons

    One thing that I almost always do before going to a lesson is checking out the local news topics going on in the city or country where I live (in my case – Prague, Czech Republic). This is because your students are likely to relate to the things going on where they live.

    Think about elections or political stories, cultural or sports events going on, news about public figures, new movies, national holidays, extreme weather conditions, or new developments in the city life (like a new start-up company, a new law that was passed, or a new mobile app, for example).

    Search online for news sources in English in the city or country where you live and pick out things that you think could fuel some good conversation. Keep an eye out for hot news topics that seem controversial, modern, or interesting.

    Students often like discussing the things going on in the local world around them because it has an effect on them and they may have some fresh knowledge on that topic already from listening to the radio, watching TV, or checking in on social media.

    You don’t even have to necessarily have them read the full article you found online. Turn it into a conversation activity. Introduce the topic and ask if they’ve heard something about it. If not, quickly scan and go through some of the highlights of the article with them and try to breed a conversation from the points that stick out.

    You could also just ask your students a very general question – “Have you heard, read, or seen anything interesting in the news recently?” I’ve asked this question many times and sometimes they’ll tell me something I haven’t heard about – even after I’ve checked the news. Try to build a short conversation about that topic and dig to find out how much your student knows about the details of the story.

    Another advantage is that you can use and recycle that topic with another student and see if your next student has heard something about it. Many times if one of your students has heard about a hot topic going in their country or city, the chances are that more of your students will have already also heard about it too, so bring that topic up in your next lessons with other students for that day or that week.

    It’s also interesting to see how differently your students view a specific story or topic in the news, and you can work on training your student how to express their ideas and opinions clearly on a controversial or influential topic – which is a great skill to develop as a foreign language speaker.

    Bottom Line: When you present your students with local news topics that they can relate to and are interested in, they tend to be more engaged. (And it makes your job easier!) When discussing a local topic, try to pick out everything they know about it and hear their opinion on it – which in turn gives you the grounds to train your students how to naturally express opinions on relevant topics.

    Read this guide on how to use information gap activities in your ESL lessons.

    5. Focus on the Student, but Don’t Forget to Share Your Opinions, Ideas, Thoughts, and Experiences

    One of the most important things to remember when giving a language conversation lesson as a teacher is that this is the student’s time to talk.

    Although there’s nothing wrong with talking about yourself, try to keep that to a limit.  Your student is with you for one main reason – to practice their speaking skills with a native or proficient speaker and improving as much as they can.

    Think of yourself as the leader of the conversation, but you also shouldn’t forget that a conversation goes two ways, and in order to keep a conversation going you’ll have to share your own feedback, opinions, ideas, thoughts, and experiences on the topic.

    Don’t be afraid to steal a little bit of talking time because this is good for the student as well.

    However, you should be conscious of the fact that the reason for doing this is to facilitate extra conversation for your student, give him/her a chance to react to your opinions or ask questions, and also to introduce new vocabulary terms or expressions that could be useful along the way (see tip #10 and #11 below).

    Whenever you start talking, speak clearly and simply so that the student has a chance to practice their listening skills – but since it’s a conversation lesson, you will want to find a way to redirect what you say back to the student.

    The way to focus on a student during a lesson is by paying attention, being engaged, being sensitive about their mistakes or mispronunciations, helping him/her say things correctly, and asking him/her a lot of follow-up type questions.

    Below you can see an example of what it means to facilitate a conversation with a student, who is maybe a little shy or doesn’t like to talk much:

    Example conversation:

    Teacher: “How was your hockey practice this week?”

    Student: “It was good.”

    Teacher: “What kind of training exercises did you do?”

    Student: “We had to skate between small, plastic orange…uh…um…”

    Teacher: “Cones” (write down the word ‘cones’ on a piece of paper). “And are there any good exercises you can do at home to train for hockey?”

    Student: “At home, you can do…’ (student mimics a push-up)

    Teacher: “Push-ups” (write down the word ‘push-ups’ on a piece of paper). “Oh I hate push-ups! I injured my shoulder one time doing push-ups. And have you ever been injured while playing hockey?”

    Student: “Yes, one time when I was…”

    Bottom line: You are the one steering the conversation, focusing on getting the student to speak as much as possible, asking good questions, eliciting their ideas, stories, experiences, opinions, but share your side as well. If you have a talkative student, they can often make the lesson really easy for you. But other times you’ll have to work harder and be creative in eliciting ideas from your student, which brings us to our next point…

    6. Practice and Learn the Art of Facilitation

    As mentioned in the point above, you’re the leader or facilitator of the conversation.

    However, “facilitating” a conversation can sometimes be harder than it sounds.

    We’ve all been through those moments in our lives when we’re talking or having a conversation with someone and then there’s that awkward, silent moment where neither person in the conversation knows what to say or how to continue.

    As an ESL conversation specialist, you should try to master the art of conversation direction so that there aren’t any awkward gaps or pauses in your conversation.

    I recently got a great book as a gift from my father for Christmas, and it’s filled with great conversation questions that I’ve been using in my lessons – and the book wasn’t even designed for ESL lessons! When my father gave it to me, I flipped through it, and thought to myself – “Wow, this is going to be perfect content for my ESL students.”

    Basically, that book contains one question per day (about your life) for 365 days, and you have space below the questions to write answers. But in my case, I decided to use it as content for my ESL conversation lessons.

    Some of the questions might be a little bit too personal, so be careful and sensitive which ones you choose. Asking some of them will depend on the student – so use careful judgment. But for many of the questions this book has been magical so far because I’ve been able to build meaningful conversation for a while – sometimes 45 – 60 minutes out of just one question.

    What I’ve done with my students is just simply have them choose a number between 1 and 365. (The book has 365 questions). One of the questions my student chose was something along the lines of – “Are you reader? If so, what’s your favorite book you’ve ever read and why?”

    Luckily, the student I asked this question to is a big reader, so she couldn’t stop talking about all of her favorite books. But there were moments when she stopped talking, and I felt the need to keep it going because I could tell she was engaged in the topic of reading books.

    For example, she got talking about how much she loved the Game of Thrones series. While she was talking her face off about the Game of Thrones, I immediately started planning a series or line of follow-up questioning in my head:

    • “Have you also watched the Game of Thrones TV show? If so, is it better than the book?”
    • “Have you ever seen a movie and read the same book, but the movie was better?”
    • “Do you also like the Lord of the Rings and the Harry Potter series?”
    • “Are you also a fan of other genres of books, or mostly just fantasy?”
    • “I read somewhere that it’s good to read a bit before going to bed. Do you do this too?”
    • “What do you think is the main message of the book?”
    • “Do you own an e-reader or do you prefer to read from an actual paperback book?”

    From just these questions, I’m pretty sure we were getting close to about 45+ minutes. Of course, along the way, I was teaching her new vocabulary terms related to the topic of reading, and then introducing/writing down these phrases and terms down for her:

    • “I couldn’t put the book down.”
    • “It’s a page-turner.”
    • “I sometimes get hooked once I start reading.”
    • “The book sucked me in.”

    (See tip #10 below for more information on this one).

    Another great thing about that book of questions is that if one question doesn’t go well or was unsuccessful in producing some good, meaningful talk, just flip to another page – there’s plenty of others (365) to choose from!

    With this list of ESL conversation starters, you’ll never run out of topics to talk about!

    Bottom line: One of the best skills in facilitating conversation is that when the student is talking, build an arsenal of follow-up questions in your head while they are still talking, and keep it stored in your mind until they are finished with what they have to say. When you feel that they are done talking, fire out the follow-up question(s). Make your questions flow in a logical order.

    7. Correct Students Upon Hearing a Mistake (But Not Always!)

    Your voice, pen, paper, face, and hands are your most valuable tools for error correction during a conversation lesson. Use your voice to demonstrate how to say something correctly, use your pen and paper to show them where they’ve made mistakes, and your face and hands to indicate that they’ve made an error.

    There are different ways you can correct a student, and the most classic way is that when a student makes a mistake, you correct them verbally, on the spot after the mistake is made. Basically, you interrupt the student (politely!) and tell them the correct way to say it:

    Student: “Yesterday, we must did a lot training exercises.”

    Teacher: (Interrupt) “Yesterday, we had to do a lot of training exercises.”

    Then, on a piece of paper, you can write down ‘must (present) – had to (past simple)’ and explain that we use the past simple form of ‘have to’ for ‘must’.

    Alternatively, you could also write down that students’ mistake on paper while they continue to talk without interrupting them, and come back to it at the end of the lesson. Then, walk through the mistakes in the sentence with the student at the end of the lesson. Show and explain to them why ‘must did’ is incorrect, and why you need to add the preposition ‘of’.

    Bottom line: Find a balance in the ways that you error correct your students. Mix it up a bit – correct them verbally, by making and using hand gestures, or also take advantage of your pen & paper or whiteboard.

    8. Let Some Mistakes Go and Don’t Disrupt the Flow of Conversation

    One important thing to remember is that you don’t want to disrupt the flow of the conversation, which is what can happen if you overcorrect them, so be careful with this technique. You can also damage their confidence and fluency.

    If you interrupt a student to correct them, do it in moderation. Not every single mistake needs to be corrected.

    The most important thing is that the student can communicate their ideas in a clear way, which is what you’re there to help them with. If you’re not quite sure what your student is trying to say, ask them to try explaining it in a different or more simple way.

    After living in the Czech Republic for a long time, I decided to go through the rewarding, fun, and ‘oh-so-painful’ process of learning the Czech language. I had a great conversation recently in the Czech language with my Uber driver during a 20-minute ride to the airport in Prague.

    I knew I was making mistakes during our conversation. I realized it right away when I made them. But the driver understood me anyway when I made my mistakes – and this, in general, is the most important in a conversation – that the person on the other side listening understands you and that the communication flows despite grammatical, pronunciation, word choice errors, etc.

    Of course in many situations (interviews, presentations, formal speeches, etc) accuracy is important – but for informal conversation, it’s more important if the speaker expresses themselves in an understandable way. This is an important thing to keep in mind while giving a conversation lesson – not every mistake needs to be corrected!

    Bottom line: You don’t have to correct 100% of the time, and actually – you shouldn’t! Just make sure that you understand your student and that it’s clear to you what they want or are trying to express. It’s ok to tell your student you don’t understand and to explain it in a different way.

    9. Let the Student Correct Themself and Be Attentive to the Word Choice and Pronunciation

    Try to mix up your techniques as well. For example, instead of interrupting the student verbally with the correct way to say it, you could do something like break a gentle smile and shake your head back and forth. This will indicate to the student that he/she has made a mistake, and they will have to think about how to correct it on their own. This is very effective because they must do the work in their own mind to reform their sentence. Or you could elicit the mistake by repeating the sentence and let the student try to finish it in the corrected form.

    For the example above, start saying “Yesterday, we…not ‘must’ but…” and the student should try to finish it correctly: ‘Yesterday, we had to…’.  Another technique is repeating exactly what the student said and shaking your head while putting stress in your voice at the part where the student’s mistake was.

    Being polite is important as well, and correct your student in an empathetic way that doesn’t make them feel embarrassed.

    You will also want to be attentive to the word choice and pronunciation when error-correcting students. For word position, you can stop the student and cross your two index fingers over each other, while for pronunciation you can simply say the right way to say it and then have the student repeat the corrected version back to you.

    Also for a word position mistake, you can write it down on a piece of paper (like in tip #7 above) and show your student why it was wrong how they said it, and explain the fundamental rules of word position to them. Here’s an example:

    Student’s mistake: “Said the president that important for him is the health of the economy.”

    Write that down while they’re speaking. Then go through the mistake with them and explain how the subject “The president” must come before the verb “said” and then correct the second part too – “that the health of the economy is important for him.”

    It may take a while to get the hang of effective error-correcting, but it’s an important skill to learn.

    Bottom Line: Error correction is an essential component to any conversation lesson, but vary the ways you do it and do it in moderation.

    10. Find Ways to Introduce New Vocabulary Terms Every Lesson

    One of the most important things I do when teaching a conversation lesson is introducing and writing down new vocabulary terms that come up. If a student can’t think of a word, your job is to help them find the word they want to use in that specific context and then introduce them to it. You can also repeat or summarize the same idea of what the student just said in your own words, how you would say it yourself naturally.

    Naturally, tie in new vocabulary terms. Many times the student may say something, you understand what they mean, but they just didn’t say it how a native speaker would. Let’s look at the examples below:

    Example 1:

    Student: “My job application was not accepted.”

    Teacher: “So your application got turned down?”

    And at this time, you can write down the new term for them: ‘turn down’

    Go over the definition and how to use ‘turn down’, with another example in context. Then, you could introduce some other phrasal verbs that use the verb ‘turn’: (turn up, turn around, turn into, turn against, etc.). You could even introduce the grammar point using ‘get’ in the passive form ‘to get turned down’ / ‘to get hit’ / ‘to get arrested’, etc. (See tip #12 below for more on this.)

    Example 2:

    Student: “He is not so good to his dog.”

    Teacher: “So he doesn’t treat his dog well?”

    And at this time, you can write down the new term: ‘to treat’

    What I would do in this situation is go over the different contexts, meanings, and parts of speech for the word ‘treat’.

    Contexts:

    • treat (v.) to behave a specific way to somebody or something
    • (v.) to give medical care or try to heal
    • (n.) a type of reward, snack, toy, etc. for good behavior

    Parts of speech:

    • treatment
    • Untreatable

    This brings us to the next tip…

    11. Demonstrate How Native Speakers Think and Speak

    This is a developed skill for teaching and can take time to do it the right way, but it will help your students improve. The reason it takes time is that you have to train your brain how to think on its toes, and the reason it’s difficult is that you have to multi-task – engaging in a conversation while also thinking about how to express ideas in different ways.

    But, basically what you should be doing is each time your students speak, tell a story, or explain something, is to think not about what your students say, but think about how they say it.

    Don’t interrupt them while they’re still speaking, let them finish, but think about how a native speaker would say the same thing they just said and write it down. Let’s look at an example:

    Student’s sentence: “It was good for him, but not for me.”

    Native Speaker sentence: “It worked out in his favor, not mine.”

    Student’s sentence: “It’s very hard to get my children out of bed.”

    Native Speaker sentence: “Getting my children out of bed is like pulling teeth.”

    Student’s sentence: “My boss gave me a lot of work today, so much that I’m very stressed.”

    Native Speaker sentence: “My boss gave me a lot of work today, so I’m overwhelmed. OR: “My boss gave me so much work that I’m losing my mind.”

    It’s important to point out here that for each of those situations, the students didn’t say anything wrong or incorrectly. You’re merely just helping them to expand their ability to express themself or teaching them how a native speaker might naturally express the same idea.

    Bottom line: Try focusing not on what students say, but how they say it. This will expand your students’ ability to express themselves and help your students speak just as native or proficient speakers do.

    12. Dive Deep Into the Nuances and Technicalities of the Language

    The most valuable thing you can do to introduce the technicalities of English to your students is is to get as deep as you can with one vocabulary word. Think of all of the parts of speech in which it can be used. Think of any expression or phrasal verbs that include that specific vocabulary word.

    A perfect example that happened during a lesson with my student recently was with the word ‘cheer.’ My student said that he went to a race and was there as a spectator to ‘cheer for’ his wife.

    While it was clear what he meant, it wasn’t exactly correct. It took me a second to realize what was wrong with it (he should have said ‘cheer her on’). So, we got into what the difference is between ‘cheer someone on’ and ‘cheer for’ and I also introduced the term ‘cheer someone up’. Additionally, I taught him the phrasal verb ‘root for’ (a synonym for ‘cheer for’) which was new to him.

    Another example – my student asked how the ‘participation’ was in the US midterm elections. While that was also clear what he meant, we usually use the word ‘turn-out’ when talking about voter participation.

    Then, I clarified that it’s used as a noun here and showed him how to use it as a verb (College students turned out big-time to the midterm 2018 elections.) while also introducing a new term – ‘big-time.’ While the student understood what that meant, that was the first time he saw the term ‘big-time.’

    Then, we went deeper into the word ‘turn’ – going through expressions, terminology, proverbs, idioms, and additional phrasal verbs with the word turn:

    Expressions / Proverbs / Terminology:

    “There was an economic downturn.”

    “Leave no stone unturned.”

    “Things took a turn for the worse.”

    “The tide is turning.”

    “He turned a blind eye.”

    “Turn it upside down.”

    Phrasal Verbs:

    turn into – “The storm turned into a big hurricane.”

    turn in – “The student turned in his homework assignment late and got penalized for it.”

    turn off – “I went on a first date last night, but he only talked about himself the whole time. It really turned me off!”

    turn up – “My girlfriend lost her phone, but it eventually turned up.”

    turn down – “He turned down the job opportunity because it was too far of a trip from home.”

    I then showed him how to use this one in a passive construction: “He asked a girl out on a date, but he got turned down.”

    My student was confused about why we use ‘get’ + passive here instead of with the verb ‘be’ + passive. So, we used this as our next topic of study. I showed him why we use ‘He got arrested.” instead of “He was arrested.” and we did an activity on this which really helped the student understand and use it actively. This is a language nuance and technicality that is valuable for an intermediate to advanced level student to learn.

    Bottom line: Getting deep into the technicalities and picking apart vocabulary terms will uncover a lot of new things that your student hadn’t been introduced to before, and therefore establish grounds for learning something new about the language. When one term, word, phrase, etc. comes up in the lesson, continue extending it.

    13. Translate Terms to and from the Student’s Native Language

    This one is debatable across the ELT industry. But in my own experience, it’s one thing that’s definitely helped me a lot – especially with clarity and accuracy.

    You might run into a situation when a student is talking and they don’t know the word they want to say and you also don’t know what they want to say. In this case, you could have an online dictionary/translator accessible during the lesson so that you can just translate the word quickly.

    Sometimes, of course, when you translate the word, there will be different words that are used in different contexts. Your role here is to find the right one they wanted to say in that specific context of what they’re talking about.

    It’s often recommended to avoid translation during a language lesson, but I think that it can be useful from time to time. As I mentioned above, the reason I like it is that it provides clarification and accuracy.

    If you have some proficiency in your students’ native language, it’s going to be a lot easier to teach them English because you’ll know how their brains work linguistically in their native language and understand why they make certain mistakes.

    Bottom Line: Pay attention to the vocabulary words your students need and help them say things the right way while building upon those new words. Don’t be afraid to use a translator if you need it. If neither you nor your student can think of the word, it wouldn’t hurt to try translating it and finding the right word for the right context.

    14. Keep and Maintain Good Lesson Notes & Records You Take During the Lesson

    One of my students’ absolute favorite thing that I do – which is really effective in ingraining the new material into their ‘English language’ part of the brain – is to go back over the terms (which were discussed above in tips #5 and #6), grammar points or new expressions that you’ve talked about, written down, and have been introduced in previous lessons.

    How do you do that? Simple – keep the records from your lessons.

    When you’re doing private one-one lessons with teenagers or adults, you should always have a notebook or blank piece of paper with you. Write down new words and expressions that come up when they don’t know how to say something, as well as the mistakes they make while speaking.

    Hold on to those papers – those are the blueprints to your students’ progress. It’s pretty easy to maintain the files – just keep those papers in a separate folder or plastic sleeve for each student. Go back over the terms each month – every 4 lessons you should refresh everything that’s been written on those sheets of paper.

    Hold on to those papers yourself. How likely is it that your students will go back over those terms by themselves?

    I do have students who do this, but I know for sure most of them don’t. They’re busy people and have busy lives. That’s why I always keep organized files and records of everything I’ve done with the student. Think of maintaining those lesson notes and records as a service – or better yet – a treasure in the chest.

    In your next lesson, take that paper back out and spend 5-10 minutes reviewing all of the new terminologies.

    If you want to go the extra mile, get them typed up onto a Google doc. Write the date at the top and the new vocabulary terms, expressions, and their speaking mistakes into the document. You’ll have to do some extra work typing the content from the white sheet onto the Google doc, but it’s super professional and your students will love you for it.

    When I do it, it usually takes about 10 – 15 minutes per document, which is time-consuming, but as I said, your students are going to be impressed. I’ve had several students actually thank me for doing this and ask me to keep doing it. After that, you can get rid of the paper since you’ll have the documents stored online.

    Bottom line: Maintaining your lesson notes and records are the blueprints to student development. Keep them safe, go the extra mile by getting it onto a Google document, and get a happy, improved student.

    15. Repeat and Review Everything from the Lesson Notes in the Next Lessons

    Use those pieces of paper that you wrote down all of your students’ mistakes, notes, new words, terms, expressions, etc from the lesson, as stated in the above point to drill in and refresh what the students learned during the last lesson.

    You can do this by either reading the word out loud and having the student recall the context you had for it, or by having them try to tell you a definition or context examples for the word. You could also do it the other way around – you read out the definition and the student tells you the word.

    Basically – repeat and repeat, and find ways to get students to use those words in conversations. Always do some CCQ (concept checking questions) because those often lead to more and deeper conversations.

    Keep an eye out for their repeated mistakes – for example, if they make multiple mistakes in one lesson with present perfect, then you could focus on present perfect as a grammar point for the next lesson and bring some speaking or writing activities related to that. It also gives the lesson a nice flow if you transition from the student’s mistake to the grammar point that you have planned for that next lesson.

    Bottom line: Reviewing the material from the last lesson will help drill in the new terms, information, and content that you’ve covered. One key to teaching a language is to keep repeating and repeating what you’ve already taught your students.

    16. Dive into Niched Topics

    Advanced students definitely need to polish and be exposed to what I like to call ‘corner English,’ which is basically niche topics that are tucked into the corners of the big realm of the English language and vocabulary.

    When you get into these topics, it’s killing two birds with one stone because niched topics will give your students new things to learn in terms of language and they also generally can provide something new and educational for your student about something beyond just the language.

    What are some examples of niched topics and how you can approach teaching them? A great place to find some niched vocabulary topics is Fluentize.com. Let’s take a look at some example lessons from the website:

    • Meet the Voice Actor For Super Mario
    • Breeding the World’s Hottest Pepper
    • Storm Surges Can Be the Deadliest Part of a Hurricane
    • Why Pizza Purists Love Neapolitan Style Pizza
    • How San Francisco is Becoming a Zero Waste City

    These are all great examples of niched topics – which bring a lot of great, new vocabulary terms to the surface for your students. The lesson plans are also designed to generate really great, in-depth conversation, which will establish further grounds for introducing new things to your student and pave the way for learning new terms, expressions, and vocabulary – and very specific terms related to those topics.

    Let’s take a look at an example. In the lesson plan for ‘How San Francisco Is Becoming a Zero Waste City’ (not available anymore), there are vocabulary terms featured such as:

    1. Composting
    2. Incineration
    3. Landfills
    4. Yard Trimmings
    5. Food Scraps
    6. Greenhouse gases
    7. Soil
    8. Crops
    9. Grind up / Ground up

    These are very niched vocabulary words related to the topic of the environment, specifically talking about waste. Will your students already know these words? Possibly! Which is fine, but it’s good to repeat them, and many of those words I bet they don’t know yet or it’s the first time they’re seeing them.

    As explained in tip #12 above, get deeper into those words and build upon them:

    Composting – Compostable / Incineration – Incinerator, etc.

    For the term “yard trimmings”, teach them the term “to mow the lawn, lawn mower/weed wacker, leaf blower, etc.”

    Don’t forget to do some CCQ (concept checking questions). Fluentize provides some CCQ questions in that lesson for you.

    Once you get to know your students better, you’ll learn what topics they’re into, and Fluentize.com will provide you a great resource for ideas. For any student you have, there will most likely be topics they’d be interested in discussing on the website.

    Bottom line: Getting into niched topics will establish grounds for expanding vocabulary because there are very specific vocabulary terms related to those topics, and will also give them a chance to learn about something relevant or interesting outside of just linguistics.

    Use the questions about technology and questions about artificial intelligence for your lessons.

    17. Find a Balance between Professionalism and Casualness

    This one depends on a few different things – Does your student need English for business or personal reasons? How do they want the lessons to be? Are they practicing for some exam? Are they using it for traveling? What culture are they from? What are the requests and the needs of the student?

    You should think about these questions for each student you have in order to determine how you prepare and set the tone for each lesson. Even ask the student. Don’t be afraid to downright ask them what they want to do or focus, or if there is anything specifically they would like to train.

    Do they want conversation lessons? Practice writing emails? Listening? Communicating on the phone? Focus on building vocabulary? Grammar?  Every student is different. However, a common theme I’ve noticed across my lessons is that they each have a healthy blend of professionalism and casualness.

    I try to make the lessons both personal and educational. It’s possible that many students look at their private English lesson as a break from their busy days while keeping their English skills fresh, learning some new things along the way.

    Many students just want to practice communication and conversational topics, instead of it being a really serious, intense kind of environment.

    I’ve had students on both sides of the spectrum – the ‘I need to really work hard and do intensive exercises and get my grammar perfect and do homework regularly’ type of student and the ‘let’s just chill and talk, but please occasionally correct me’ type of student.

    Get a feel for what your students’ wishes and needs are, and prepare accordingly. However, even if your student is on the ‘work really hard’ side, you can still make the lesson fun and personable.

    As you give your English lessons – think about how you would want your private one-one language lesson to be and how you would want your teacher to be with you if you were on the other side.

    The reason it’s important to find a balance is that you don’t want to just show up, chat, and that’s it, without teaching them anything, but you also don’t want to be super serious and just intensively drill grammar exercise after grammar exercise (unless your students request this).

    Students generally want to feel comfortable, have meaningful discussions, express opinions on interesting topics, do fun activities, learn something new, joke around a little bit, and develop their skills.

    Being casual and professional is a blend of using humor, listening to your student, teaching them useful vocabulary terms, correcting their mistakes, engaging in meaningful conversation, asking questions and their opinions, giving your opinions, and being genuinely interested in their lives, stories, and experiences.

    If you can nail all of these things in your conversation lessons, I’d say your on track to giving them a positive, professional, and casual lesson experience that your student will appreciate, enjoy, and get value out of all at the same time.

    Bottom line: Making your students feel comfortable and not taking the lesson too seriously are good, but also make sure you focus on education and developing their skills.

    18. Implement and Work With Authentic Materials

    You really shouldn’t underestimate the power and value of implementing authentic resources in your ESL lessons. Authentic resources are packed with useful learning material, much of which your students will be new to.

    Videos, TV series, music, news articles, books, social media – these types of resources will give you a lot to work with as a teacher and help prepare your students for communication and real-life interactions in practical contexts.

    There’s a lot of slang, interesting terms, and different kinds of pronunciation you can train using these resources. In my own experience, I’ve found incredible value in using real-world videos as a resource in my ESL lessons for a variety of reasons.

    Additionally, students tend to work well with authentic materials and enjoy working with topics that matter to them and that are relevant to their life. As mentioned in tips #2 and #3 above, an engaged student is usually more inclined to learn, and that’s the value of using authentic materials – there are all kinds of authentic materials out there that you can use to pique the interest of your student.

    Check-in with your students from time to time about what kind of authentic materials they want to work within the lessons. Pick up on what they’re interested in and what they talk about a lot, and find authentic materials on these topics. This will give you good direction in terms of choosing and planning for the right topics for your lessons.

    If your student talks about food a lot, then find some authentic materials based on food and cooking (cookbooks, online recipes, stories about successful chefs, information about cultural foods, etc.)

    Bottom line: Authentic materials are valuable to use with students because they’re packed with new terms, are likely to pique interest and give your student a practical context to train for real-life engagement with the language.

  • 20+ Great Business English Topics and Lesson Activities

    20+ Great Business English Topics and Lesson Activities

    For Business English students, it’s important that ESL lessons are based on the needs of their day-to-day work.

    They want to practice situations taken from their professional environment, and discuss real-life Business English topics.

    Some are: making phone calls, being able to hold and carry on conversations, speaking with colleagues, preparing and giving presentations, or negotiations. 

    Coming up with creative activities and finding good topics for your lessons can be tough and time-consuming.

    The Business English activities in this post will save you time and effort in making quality content for your lessons.

    Business english: 20+ activities for ESL Lessons

    About the Business English Topics And Activities

    Lessons including well-designed activities will prepare your students for their professional lives and give them the necessary skills and vocabulary needed to communicate effectively in English.

    The 20 activity suggestions you’ll find in this post relate to the topics of business travel, commuting to work, big business, artificial intelligence, technology, and music.

    The activities you can do on these business English topics are from specific lesson plans based on videos, which come equipped with a range of different printable Business English worksheets, conversation topics, speaking exercises, listening activities, and writing exercises for adults.

    Below are some examples of activities from these lessons that can help your Business English students improve their communication skills.

    Topic: AirBnB Business Travel

    Airbnb has been expanding their services to open up the market for business travelers.

    They are simplifying the process of booking and launched some tools which automatically organize your business trip expenses. This new business travel program is coming out strong.

    Activities

    • Phone Calling
    • Writing Accommodation Descriptions
    • Leaving Reviews
    • Mobile App Concepts
    • Debate With Hotel Owner
    • Comparing and Contrasting

    This topic works especially great with Business English lessons in the real estate, hospitality, or mobile app industries, but also in general for any businessmen or women who have to travel for their jobs.

    This is an especially engaging Business English topic for a few reasons: it’s controversial (hotel owners aren’t happy about AirBnB) and it’s a hot topic (more and more people are choosing Airbnb over hotels).

    Airbnb is a relatively new global powerhouse, revolutionizing the hospitality industry the same way that Uber revolutionized the taxi industry.

    Activity: Phone Calling

    Put students in pairs or a group. Assign each student a different role from the roles below, or they can choose one.

    Students have to imagine that they are Airbnb hosts who just hosted:

    • A small group of middle-aged business travelers
    • A small group of young adult party travelers
    • A small family of 4 with young children
    • An individual traveler who came with his dog

    Students then ‘call’ their ‘friends’ (another student in the class) to either leave a voicemail or talk about the experience (or complain about the experience!).

    They should describe how the experience was as the host for these types of travelers:

    • What was different about hosting each of their stays?
    • Was it positive or negative and why?
    • Did anything good, bad, surprising, or unusual happen during their stay?

    You could even have them imagine what could be a positive and negative experience for hosting these types of travelers.

    You could even get a bit more creative with this one by assigning a pair of students a role from the list above, and they have to call the ‘host’ (their partner) and ask them questions or make special requests about their stay, e.g:

    • Am I allowed to bring my dog to your property?
    • Is there a nice cafe in the area where I can bring my laptop to do work?
    • We have a baby who cries a lot during the night. Will this bother you?

    Even though with Airbnb, you would probably just message the host online, but in this case, you can make it a phone call to practice speaking.

    Activity: Writing Accommodation or Property Descriptions & Reviews

    Students work with a partner or group and imagine they are Airbnb hosts offering a special, exotic, or unique type of accommodation rental.

    They should discuss and agree on the type of home rental they have to offer, where in the world it is, and create their own online listing for this rental on Airbnb.

    In the listing, they should explain what type of rental it is, the location, the check-in and check-out procedure, a description and special features of the accommodation, and other housing details and rules.

    Make students offer something different or special about their property – something they wouldn’t get somewhere else. Remember, they want to sell the experience!

    Students then present their accommodation profile description to the other students in the class and then give their listing to another student or group.

    The other student or group then makes a detailed review for that listing, imagining they actually stayed there.

    Activity: Creating Mobile App Concepts in the Sharing Economy

    Put students in pairs and give them a list of other mobile apps in the sharing economy.

    Examples:

    • DogVacay
    • HomeDine
    • BlaBla Car
    • Neighborgoods
    • JustPark

    Based on the name of the app, students have to discuss and explain what they imagine the concept of the app to be and how it works.

    After students work together for a couple of minutes, go around the class and ask them to report their answers. If they’re not able to imagine what it might be, you can just tell them.

    Ask them questions like:

    • Would this type of app be useful for you? Why or why not?
    • Which app from this list would help you the most?

    Try to create an in-depth class discussion about all of these apps.

    For the apps listed above specifically, you can discuss things like:

    • If parking is a problem for your students (JustPark)
    • What they do with their dog when they go on a trip (DogVacay)
    • If they would be interested to drive with a stranger for many hours (BlaBla Car)
    • If they’ve ever eaten at someone’s home, from another country or culture (HomeDine)

    Then, students can either work with the same or different partners to create their own concept for a mobile app in the sharing economy.

    They should focus on things like:

    • The special features of the app
    • What problem it solves / Why it’s a good idea
    • How it works
    • What problems could happen when people use your app

    An alternative to this one is I’ve also had students imagine that they were the founders of Airbnb, and they have to come up with their own detailed story behind the establishment of the company, which turned out to be a fun activity.

    Activity: Debate Between AirBnB Representative and Hotel Owner

    Put students in pairs or two small groups and they prepare for a debate.

    One student or group takes the position of an AirBnB company representative and the other takes the position of a Hotel Owner.

    Each side must prepare, defend, and present their positions to the other groups, presenting information about…

    • Why they believe their accommodation service is better (at least 3 advantages of your service) Students must talk about the top reasons to stay in a hotel over Airbnb, or vice versa.
    • If you think Airbnb should be legal or illegal and why (obviously the AirBnB rep will say it should be legal and the hotel owner will say it should be illegal)
    • The positive impact your service has on society and the economy
    • What actual people and guests have said about your accommodation services

    You can refer to this article to help students talk about Airbnb versus hotels if they are having trouble coming up with ideas.

    Your role as the teacher will be the moderator during the debate – generating follow-up questions for the students or groups when they present their sides. Keep the debate clean and flowing smoothly.

    Activity: Comparing and Contrasting (Hotels vs. AirBnB or Uber vs. Taxi)

    If for any reason you don’t want to make this an official ‘debate,’ another thing you could do is just make it a general, in-depth class discussion, conversation, or compare & contrast about the advantages and disadvantages of staying in Airbnb in comparison with hotels.

    Make sure students talk about their own experiences.

    Transition the discussion to the conflict between Uber and Taxi, because they are facing a similar conflict for similar reasons.

    If your students enjoyed the discussion about AirBnB and hotels, an interesting follow-up lesson topic for you might be about a businessman who is building hotels designed for outer space.

    Topic: Commuting to Work

    Many businessmen and women in the modern world have to commute for hours and hours per week to their jobs or for work purposes. Sitting in the car or public transit like this can really have a negative impact on one’s overall lifestyle.

    Activities

    • Telling a Story
    • Commenting on YouTube
    • Expressing Frustrations or Complaining
    • Talking About Lifestyle & Daily Routines

    The reason this topic works so well in Business ESL lessons is that it reaches such a wide spectrum of people.

    Everyone who has a job as an employee in a company, a school, a factory, etc has a unique situation. All Business English students usually have a lot to say about their experience commuting (or home office if they have that privilege!).

    Activity: Telling a Story

    Students work in pairs.

    Student A: This student imagines that he/she spends a lot of time commuting and is very pessimistic about the situation.

    This student believes that they have the worst commute in the world. Describe the situation in detail. The student should complain about it as much as possible and why they hate it so much.

    They should take notes on:

    • Where you live
    • Your daily routine
    • Where you go to work
    • What’s so bad about the commute / What are the conditions of the commute
    • How commuting makes you feel

    The student then has to tell one negative story that they have had during their commute.

    Student B: This student imagines that they spend a lot of time commuting but is very optimistic about the situation.

    This student loves the situation that they have. They should discuss and explain in detail why they have the best commute in the world, talk about it as much as possible and why they enjoy it.

    Also, they take notes on:

    • Where you live
    • Your daily routine
    • Where you go to work
    • What’s so bad about the commute / What are the conditions of the commute
    • How commuting makes you feel

    They tell one positive story that they’ve had during your commute.

    After the students write notes for their roles (give them a few minutes), have them describe their situations to their partner.

    They should listen to their partner’s situation carefully because they should then report the details of their partner’s situation back to the class!

    Activity: Commenting on YouTube

    At the beginning of the video, the reporter complains about her long daily routine and commute, and then she says to the audience:

    “Before you go and post that comment telling me to ‘move closer’, you need to see that I’m not the only person doing this.”

    In pairs, students should come up with a response that the following type of people would write or say to the reporter in the YouTube comments section, e.g:

    • What could be a rude response to that statement in the comment section of the video?
    • What could be an empathetic response to that statement in the comment section of the video?
    • What could be a funny response to that statement in the comment section of the video?

    Another activity you could do is give students some imaginary comments to that video, and then the students have to write responses to these imaginary comments. You can make it a speaking or writing activity.

    For example, here are a few possible comments to that video:

    Comment #1:

    “Americans are completely crazy and lazy. You drive these huge cars to work and in reality, you don’t need to. Look at the Netherlands and Denmark – they have very efficient bicycle transport systems and bicycles are much more environmental. It’s stupid to drive everywhere.”

    Comment #2:

    “The best solution to this problem is self-driving cars. Our tax money should go more to support the production of self-driving cars. That way when people commute they can do productive things.  The solution to public transit is getting better wifi connections on the subways and buses.”

    You can instruct one student to write a response which agrees with each comment, and the other student to write a response which disagrees with each comment, something along those lines.

    Activity: Expressing Frustrations & Complaining

    Put students in pairs, or in two groups. You’ll distribute to each student pair or group two cards which read:

    • A: Riding on public transport
    • B: Driving in a car

    Students must work together to come up with a list of all the things that frustrate them, annoy them, stress them out, or make them angry while (1) riding on public transport and (2) driving a car.

    The group which comes up with the most things in the time limit (3 minutes should be good) wins.

    This activity usually works really well because everyone gets angry, stressed, frustrated, etc. at some point while driving a car or riding public transportation.

    A lot of good vocabulary can also come out of this one. You can even teach a couple of fun phrasal verbs related to driving when you talk about this topic:

    • Cut (someone) off – “I hate when I’m driving and someone cuts me off and then I have to slam on my brakes.”
    • Pull (someone) over – “I hate when I’m driving only a little bit above the speed limit and a police officer pulls me over.”
    • Freak out – “I hate driving with my father. He always drives aggressively and freaks out about small things.”
    • Run over – “I hate when I run over a nail or a sharp object and my tire goes flat.”
    • Hold (someone) up – “I hate when traffic holds me up and makes me late for work.”

    You can use this activity for teaching students other terminology that is useful for expressing complaints or frustrations:

    • I get frustrated when…
    • I get all stressed out when…
    • It gets me so worked up when…
    • It pisses me off when…
    • I totally freak out when…
    • I lose my mind when…
    • It drives me nuts when…

    Have students then use these expressions to talk about their frustrations commuting or about their job in general.

    Activity: Talking About Lifestyle, Commuting, and Employment Situations

    Spending hours commuting and then hours at the office has become so integrated into the modern working world that it can have quite a profound impact on our quality of life and lifestyle, which is why it’s good to talk about in a language lesson.

    Here’s an activity you can do that will give your students a good opportunity to talk about their lifestyle, commute, and employment situation.

    It’s also simple, easy to prepare, and generates quality conversation.

    Print a number of statements on cards and give them to the students or write them on the whiteboard in class.

    Put students in pairs or groups. Have them discuss if they think the following statements are generally true or false and why:

    • People are generally happier if they travel to work by car instead of public transportation.
    • In the USA, people generally commute to work or school by train or bus.
    • 10 days of paid vacation per year is fair from an employer.
    • Regular exercise helps people deal with stress from work.
    • People are more productive if they have a 4-day working week instead of 5.

    Put students in pairs or groups. Have them discuss if the following statements are true or false for them personally and have them explain why:

    • There is a positive working atmosphere at my job.
    • I am satisfied with my work-life balance.
    • Every day I eat a balanced and healthy breakfast before work.
    • When I commute to work I try to be productive on the way.
    • I prefer working from home rather than going to an office.
    • I spend too much time at work socializing with my colleagues.

    Speaking about daily routines is also a great activity if you’d like to focus on the present simple as a grammar point for your lesson.

    Topic: Big Business (Amazon, Coca-Cola, Netflix, etc.)

    Using big companies and corporations as a topic in your Business English lessons is practical for obvious reasons and you can make it fun too for your students.

    It’s especially great to use big business as a topic if you actually have adult students who work in big companies, but they’re also applicable topics for students who have their own business or who work in smaller companies.

    Activities

    • History & Fun Facts
    • Developing a Product
    • Making Slogans
    • Analyzing the Impact of Technology on Jobs

    Activity: History & Fun Facts About Big Companies

    As a lead-in or warm-up exercise to a lesson about big business, you can search and find some fun or interesting facts or history about the companies.

    One quick activity you could do to lead to a topic is a simple fill-in-the-blank that looks something like this:


    Amazon

    Below are 5 interesting facts about Amazon. Let the students fill in the blanks with words that they think fit.

    1. The founder Jeff Bazos wanted to name the company Amazon which has products from ‘A to Z’ symbolizing a large size, just like the Amazon ________________________ .
    2. Amazon.com started as a bookstore in Jeff Bazos’ ________________________ .
    3. The combined ________________________ of Amazon’s warehouses is enough to hold more water than 10,000 Olympic pools.
    4. Today Amazon has more than 350,000 ________________________ .
    5. One of Amazon’s first offices had a ________________________ which employees would  ring every time a sale was made.

    Coca-Cola

    Below are 5 interesting facts about Coca-Cola. Fill in the blanks with words that you think fit.

    1. The Coca-Cola ________________________ is recognized by 94% of the world’s population.
    2. The word “cola” is derived from the kola ________________________ , which contains caffeine and can have medicinal value.
    3. Coca-Cola can be a good ________________________ for insect bites on your skin.
    4. Coca-Cola spends more money on ________________________ than Microsoft and Apple combined.
    5. A few people once tried to sell the Coca-Cola ________________________ to Pepsi, but they were reported to the FBI.

    A fun activity you can follow up with this one is instruct students to research any big business they have in mind and search for some fun facts about that company or the story behind how it started.

    If they can’t think of one, you can give them a list of the biggest or most well-known companies in the world.

    Have them give a few-minute presentation in the following lesson about the start or history of the company and a few fun facts about it. This is also good for developing presentation skills for adults in English.

    They can use the questions below to help them give their presentation:

    • Who started the company and when? How did the idea originate?
    • What were some important moments in the company’s history?
    • What are some of the company’s most successful products or services? Describe them in detail.
    • What’s special or different about this company compared to the competitors?
    • What are some fun facts about your company?

    Activity: Developing a Product

    Amazon launched a prototype store called ‘Amazon Go’ in December of 2017 – it’s a type of grocery store where you can go shopping and add things to your virtual cart so that you don’t have to wait in line or check out.

    You add the products to your shopping cart and you can just leave the store, and Amazon will automatically charge your account.

    They have developed other types of products and services over the years that have been successful, such as the Amazon Kindle (E-Reader) and Amazon Echo (voice-controlled smart speaker/personal assistant).

    In this activity, what you do is have students work together on product development for Amazon or for another big company.

    Students work with a partner or group. They imagine to be product developers for Amazon and create two of their own products, or services provided and sold by Amazon.

    They should discuss and create names for the products or services, which industry the products or services are in, and then write a description for each explaining how it works, what problem it solves, what’s so special about it, as well as what problems they have experienced in the development.

    It can be a special kind of mobile app, tech gadget, clothing item, or something else.

    Of course, it doesn’t necessarily have to be from Amazon. You can have students choose another company.

    One way you could get your students to come up with a good idea is instruct them to think of some brands that they generally buy, and then brainstorm what products they think would be cool to have from those brands.

    Or you can have them think of some problems or frustrations they have in their daily life and what product or service would solve those problems for them. In the case of Amazon Go, the problem was that people hate waiting in lines at supermarkets.

    Remind students that it doesn’t have to be realistic, it can be something imaginary.

    Most of your students who will do this activity probably haven’t developed a product before. Keep it basic, simple, and fun, and it should go ok.

    You just want students to be creative and work together to make something special.

    One time I had a group who made a personal assistant who did all of his presentations for him because he hated public speaking, which I thought was pretty funny.

    Students should then present their new product to the other students or groups.

    Activity: Making Slogans

    This is a straightforward activity and easy to assign and it works great with any student who is in marketing. Students also tend to have fun with it.

    Basically, all you need to do is assign students to make a slogan for whatever company or brand you’re discussing.

    One thing I’ve done to make it interesting and add a little twist to it is to have students make a list of good and bad slogans for one company.

    That one has definitely brought a couple laughs to the lesson, especially for the bad slogans.

    Here are a few examples I’ve gotten from students for bad company slogans for Coca-Cola:

    • “Feed your sugar addiction.”
    • “Put on the big pounds.”
    • “Teeth are overrated.”

    Anyway, give them some examples of some real slogans that have already existed for the brand before they make their own.

    A few actual ones for Coca-Cola are:

    • “Open Happiness”
    • “Life Tastes Good.”
    • “Taste the Feeling.”

    The advantage of having students make their own slogan or quote is that it lets student use creativity. When students have to think creatively, they’re forced to use important vocabulary terms and language structures in a special kind of way.

    In any case, have your students share and present their slogans and quotes to the other students in the class.

    Another great type of ESL group activities are information gap activities. Get 10 ideas here.

    Activity: Analyzing the Impact of Technology on Jobs

    Another great theme and activity that comes from a discussion about companies like Amazon, is analyzing the impact of technology on jobs.

    That’s one big criticism of concepts like Amazon Go that I’ve discussed with my students. The more jobs that robots do for us, the more jobs they take away from humans (Amazon Go takes jobs away from cashiers).

    One activity you could do on this is to have students brainstorm and come up with two more jobs, companies, or businesses that have been taken over or lost to technological advances.

    Students should specify the name or type of the technology, which industry it is in, and three general impacts of this technology (can be positive or negative impacts).

    Two examples I remember hearing from students was about VHS and video rental stores being lost to online streaming services like Netflix, and driving jobs being lost to self-driving cars.


    Technology: Online streaming

    Industry: Entertainment

    Impacts:

    • It put VHS video rental stores out of business
    • It makes people lazier because they don’t go to the video store anymore
    • Illegal online pirating of films and TV becomes easier

    Technology: Self-driving cars

    Industry: Automotive

    Impacts:

    • Less need for delivery drivers, truckers, and taxis
    • Fewer accidents on the road because machines are more precise than humans
    • People can focus on other things in the car if they don’t have to concentrate on driving

    You can give these examples to your students if they don’t think of them.

    You can also give students the task of coming up with two jobs where it could be very difficult for technology to take over. Which jobs do you think technology couldn’t do in the future? Students should specify why it would be difficult to take over these jobs using this technology.

    Topic: Artificial Intelligence and Future Technology

    Doing an ESL lesson activity about the impact of technology on jobs leads us to the next point: Artificial intelligence and future technology, which has its feet in many industries and certainly draws interest from Business English students.

    Activities

    • Interview With a Humanoid Robot
    • Making a Sci-Fi Film Plot
    • Forming Opinions

    This topic works especially great with Business English lessons in the IT or programming industry, but also in general for any businessmen or women who use technology regularly for their jobs.

    This is an especially engaging Business English topic for a few reasons – it can get a little dark (a humanoid robot which can communicate freaks people out a bit!) and it’s also relevant – artificial intelligence and machine learning is making its way into a lot of industries, products, and software these days.

    It’s interesting when the stuff that used to be sci-fi stuff turns into reality, and that’s what you want to focus on in your Business English lessons.

    Activity: Interview With a Humanoid Robot

    Watch the video about Sophia the robot with your students.

    Basically, what students do is make an interview with her.

    Sophia the robot makes for a great English lesson, period. Students are usually quite intrigued by “her” and there are so many different directions you can take this lesson.

    After watching the video, instruct each student to create and write five extra questions that they would want to ask Sophia. (Questions which are not in the video interview).

    After they are finished making their questions, they ask their partner the questions they made. Students then answer their partner’s questions from the perspective of Sophia the robot.

    Here are some words or topics students could either use in their questions or use just as general topics to help them make their questions:

    • Humanity
    • Evolution
    • The Future
    • Technology
    • Ethics

    After a student answers each question, their partner should try to ask a follow-up question or two – a question you ask on the spot based on the answer you get.

    Explain the concept of a follow-up question to your students and show them examples:

    Original question: “What emotions do you feel?”

    Answer: “I feel curious.”

    Follow-up question: “Why do you feel curious?”

    Answer: “I feel curious because I want to know why I was created and why I’m different than normal humans.”

    Follow up question: “Can you imagine why you were created?”

    Having students ask follow-up questions is great practice for developing interview and conversational skills because they have to think on their feet without time to prepare.

    Activity: Making a Sci-Fi Film Plot

    Watch the sci-fi short film about ‘Sight Systems’ which forecasts the evolution of ‘Google Glasses’ and Virtual Reality (which are also great topics to discuss in your Business English lessons).

    After you watch the video with your students, a fun activity you could have your students do is to imagine that they are directors creating the next scenes to the short film they just watched about Sight Systems.

    They should work in pairs and discuss and write what the next five scenes will be. Have them describe the scenes in detail and explain what happens in each scene.

    Students then share what they came up with the other students in the class.

    After this, put the students back together and they should come up with a short plot for a similar type of short film that they saw.

    The plot must focus on the dangers of future technology. Alternatively, you could give them the option of creating a movie plot focusing on the bright sides of technology.

    Activity: Forming Opinions and Interview Quotes

    This activity can actually be applied to a range of different topics.

    Put the students in pairs and have them imagine to be speaking from the perspective of the following companies or people.

    Students have to make an opinion from the standpoint of each company or person.

    Companies

    • Gas Company
    • Electric Car Company
    • Solar Panel Company

    People

    • Environmental Activist
    • Auto Technician
    • Politician
    • Economist
    • Car Consumer

    For the people above, you could have students imagine they were interviewed about their thoughts on electric charging highways.

    What do they think about electric highways? Do they support or oppose them? Let them explain their opinion.

    Then they have to agree on what would be the most important quote or statement from that interview.

    Give students some useful phrases for expressing opinions to help them make their opinions or quotes, which are at least three sentences long and they explain their opinion.

    You could give students an ideal example quote from an interview with an Environmental Activist:

    “In the long-term, electric charging highways will be a great solution for decreasing pollution because it promotes the consumption and usage of electric vehicles, which are much better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles. However, in the short-term, electric charging highways could produce a negative impact on the environment because of the intense construction work that will be needed to create these highways all across the country. Therefore, I see a positive long-term effect and a negative short-term effect.”

    You want your students to form something similar for each of the roles, then students should present the opinions or quotes they made together to the rest of the class.

    Topic: Music

    Doing ESL lesson activities about music is fun and there’s a lot of different directions you can take this topic in a lesson.

    Music is also a big business with all of the jobs in music production, sound technology, festivals, online streaming services like Spotify, and these days even vinyl is making a comeback.

    Activities

    • Organizing an Event
    • Making a Business Plan
    • Giving a Presentation

    This topic works especially great with Business English lessons in the music industry, but also in general for any businessmen or women who use are interested in music.

    This is an especially engaging Business English topic for a few reasons – people love music and it’s a big part of life for many people.

    Activity: Organizing an Event

    Have students work with a partner. They should imagine they are event organizers and are planning a festival concept for next summer.

    They want to make it even better than the Belgian festival “Tomorrowland” and the most luxurious festival in the world.

    What luxuries will there be? What special things can be added, implemented, planned, organized, or done in order to create a better festival experience for the guests?

    Students should discuss these points together. They can use the discussion questions below to help them:

    • What special luxuries, things, offers, products, facilities, and features you will provide?
    • What will be different about the campsite? How will you make it better than Dreamville?
    • Describe the atmosphere. What’s unique about the stages and performances?
    • Describe the security concept. How will you make the event safe and what are the policies?

    Students should then give a presentation about their festival concept to the other groups and describe in as much detail as possible what the festival will be like.

    After hearing from the other groups, students can discuss which festival concept was the best and why and give advice about what might help their festival to be better.

    Activity: Making a Business Plan

    Students work together with a partner or group. They imagine that they are opening a vinyl store in their town. They must make a business plan and a to-do list.

    Watch the video “Czech businessman leads vinyl revival” here.

    They can answer these questions in their business plan:

    1. What is the name of your vinyl shop?
    2. Other than vinyls, what will you need to get started?
    3. How will your vinyl shop stand out from the competition?
    4. Describe what kind of theme or atmosphere the shop would have. How would you decorate the shop/front window?
    5. Describe your ideal kind of customer or target market.
    6. Describe your ideal kind of employee or shop assistant.
    7. What could be some clever ways to advertise your shop?
    8. What will be the biggest challenges of opening the shop?

    Students can then present their business plan to the other students in the class.

    Activity: Giving a Presentation

    Students work with a partner or group. They imagine they are giving a presentation to a group of vinyl fanatics.

    They should choose from one of the topics below they’d like to do a presentation about, or they can also make their own topic.

    They should prepare and give a one-minute presentation to the other groups on their chosen topic.

    Even if they don’t know much about the topic, you can just instruct them to be as creative as possible and come up with some interesting things to talk about.

    Here are the topics they can choose from:

    • How to create a sustainable future for vinyl
    • The guide to shopping for and listening to vinyl like a pro
    • The future of music
    • Why the age of vinyl in the 70s beats today’s digital age
    • The steps to starting up a successful vinyl shop

    You can have students do research on the internet if they have access.

    You can also give students the choice to also come up with their own idea for a presentation, anything in the music sector. It doesn’t have to be specifically related to vinyls.

    The most important thing is that students have a structure for their presentation, have researched important information about it, and teach the class something interesting.

    You can also have students include one of each of the following things in their presentation:

    • A problem (Music has become too digital in modern ages.)
    • A statistic or fact (Over 7.6 million vinyls were sold in the US in 2018.)
    • An opinion (We believe that vinyls will continue to be popular for years.)
    • A quote (Zdenek Pelc said, “If people like something, they need something touchable.”)

    Bonus Activity

    This one last bonus activity you could do will help your students develop the skills they need for business and professional reasons.

    Have them give a “show and tell” presentation or just simply talk about three gadgets, tools, products, services, etc they’ve bought in the recent past related to one of their personal interests.

    Have the students teach the class either how to use this product or service, how it works, why they bought it, what the features are, what problem it solves for them, etc.

    Here are some actual examples from my students, which you can show your students to give them an idea of what you’re looking for:

    • A new running watch
    • A subscription to Netflix
    • A Nintendo NES Classic Edition
    • A new bicycle helmet
    • A portable speaker

    Conclusion

    All of these activities referenced are meant to be engaging for your adult students in Business English lessons, but the most effective way to do them is with the full lesson plans via the links above.

    Watching the videos with your students should generate extra discussion and give you extra content to work with.

    Find more resources and ideas for your ESL lessons here.