Author: Andreas

  • Past Simple vs Past Continuous (PDF)

    Past Simple vs Past Continuous (PDF)

    Two past tenses do the heavy lifting of English storytelling: the Past Simple for completed events (I watched a film, She called me at 8 p.m.) and the Past Continuous for action in progress at a past moment (I was watching a film, She was working at 8 p.m.). The classic combination — I was reading a book when the phone rang — uses both: the continuous for the longer background action, the simple for the shorter interrupting one. The rule that anchors the choice: while normally pairs with the continuous; when normally introduces the simple.

    This worksheet builds B1 storytelling fluency by combining the two past tenses in narrative contexts. Students choose between simple and continuous based on event sequence, identify when/while triggers, and produce their own short stories.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box contrasting completed events (simple) with background action (continuous), plus the when/while rule
    • Gap-fill in a short story: choose between Past Simple and Past Continuous to complete a narrative
    • Sentence combining: turn two simple sentences into one using when or while
    • Personalised production: write four sentences describing a memorable moment when something was happening and something else interrupted
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the most common B1 narrative-tense errors

    Common mistakes addressed: using the continuous for completed events (I was finishing my homework at 8 p.m. where the event finished at 8), wrong while/when pairings, and missing was/were in the continuous (I reading when she called).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B1, in intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. The simple/continuous contrast is heavily tested in Cambridge B1 Preliminary (PET) Writing — particularly the story task, where the two tenses must alternate naturally. Part of the Past Tenses collection — the natural next step is Past Simple: Irregular Verbs, which strengthens the high-frequency verb base that storytelling depends on.

  • Present Simple: Daily Routines (PDF)

    Present Simple: Daily Routines (PDF)

    The Present Simple is the first tense most learners meet, and daily routines are where it earns its name: I get up at 7 a.m., She works in a hospital, They live in Madrid. Three rules govern almost every sentence at A1 — the third-person -s (she works, not she work), the auxiliary do/does for negatives and questions (Do you speak Spanish?, He doesn’t play tennis), and the set of frequency adverbs (always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never) that anchor each statement in habit.

    This worksheet builds the foundations of the Present Simple in the context of daily routines. Students work through affirmative, negative, and question forms; practise the third-person -s and the do/does split; and produce their own sentences using frequency adverbs and time expressions (every morning, on weekdays, at the weekend, after work).

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with affirmative, negative, and question forms, plus the full list of A1 time expressions
    • Gap-fill (10 items): correct form of the verb in brackets, including two-gap question items (auxiliary + base form)
    • Personalised production: write six sentences about your own routine and the people around you
    • Error correction (6 items): fix the missing third-person -s, do/does misuse, and word order in questions
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes with timing, common A1 mistakes, and a pair-work extension activity

    Common mistakes addressed: the missing -s in third person (she work), do/does with -s on the main verb (does she works?), question word order (where lives she?), and over-applying -s to I/you/we/they (I goes).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A1, in beginner classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Maps onto Cambridge A2 Key (KET) preparation, where daily-routine prompts and habit descriptions are core Speaking and Writing tasks. Part of the Present Tenses collection — the natural next step is Present Simple vs Present Continuous, which adds the contrast with actions happening right now.

  • Present Simple vs Present Continuous (PDF)

    Present Simple vs Present Continuous (PDF)

    Two present tenses, same time window, different meanings: She works in a hospital (her job) versus She is working from home today (today only). At A2, learners need to make this choice consciously — based on whether the action is a habit or in progress right now — and handle a second hurdle: a set of state verbs (know, like, love, want, need, believe, understand, mean, have = own) that refuse the continuous form altogether. I am liking this song simply doesn’t work in English.

    This worksheet drills the A2 distinction between the Present Simple (habits, routines, general truths) and the Present Continuous (actions now or around now). Students choose between the two forms using signal-word cues (usually, every day, on Mondays vs now, right now, at the moment, today) and learn which verbs refuse the continuous form.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box contrasting the two tenses with signal words and a list of state verbs
    • Multiple-choice (8 items): pick the correct form, with at least one state-verb trap per cluster
    • Rewrite the sentence: change the tense by changing the time expression (e.g., now → every Friday)
    • Error correction (6 items): fix state-verb continuous (I am liking it), missing auxiliaries in questions, and tense-meaning mismatches
    • Full Answer Key with reasoning for each choice plus Teacher Notes on the have ambiguity (own vs experience)

    Common mistakes addressed: continuous form with state verbs (I am liking, We are knowing, Tom is having two sisters), missing auxiliary in questions (What you doing?), and using the simple for current actions (He drinks tea right now).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A2, in pre-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. A direct preparation step for Cambridge A2 Key (KET) and B1 Preliminary (PET) — both exams test the simple/continuous contrast explicitly in Reading-Use of English and Writing. Part of the Present Tenses collection — the natural next step is Present Continuous: Actions Right Now, which extends the work into picture-based production.

  • Present Continuous: Actions Right Now (PDF)

    Present Continuous: Actions Right Now (PDF)

    The Present Continuous is the tense English uses for what’s happening at this moment: The teacher is standing at the whiteboard, Two students are talking in the corner, Look! It’s snowing outside. The form is straightforward (am/is/are + verb-ing), but the -ing spelling rules trip learners up early — write → writing (drop -e), run → running (double consonant), study → studying (no change), lie → lying (-ie → -y). And the signal words (now, right now, at the moment, today, Look!, Listen!) anchor every example.

    This worksheet builds A1–A2 confidence with the Present Continuous through picture description and gap-fill in real-time contexts. Students describe what is happening in a busy classroom scene, drill the -ing spelling rules, and form yes/no questions and negatives.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form, -ing spelling rules (default, drop -e, double consonant, -ie → -y), and signal words
    • Picture description: five named characters in a busy classroom — write what each one is doing
    • Open production: write one negative and one yes/no question about the same picture
    • Gap-fill (10 items): present continuous form including two-gap question layout and a have fixed-expression item
    • Full Answer Key with model answers plus Teacher Notes on the -ing spelling drill and mime-game extension

    Common mistakes addressed: wrong -ing spelling (runing, lieing, writeing), missing auxiliary (I working now), and confusion between have as state verb (~~I am having a car~~) and have in fixed expressions (I’m having lunch).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A1–A2, in beginner and pre-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Picture-description tasks of exactly this kind appear in Cambridge A2 Key (KET) Speaking, where candidates describe everyday scenes using the continuous. Part of the Present Tenses collection — the natural sibling is Present Simple: Daily Routines, which builds the habit-tense foundation that anchors the simple-vs-continuous distinction.

  • Past Simple: Regular Verbs (PDF)

    Past Simple: Regular Verbs (PDF)

    Regular Past Simple verbs add -ed — but learners face two formal hurdles at A2. The first is the spelling rules: work → worked, live → lived, stop → stopped (consonant doubling), study → studied (y → ied), play → played (vowel + y, no change). The second is the three pronunciations of -ed — /t/ in walked, watched, helped, /d/ in played, lived, called, and the extra-syllable /ɪd/ in wanted, decided, started. And on top of both: the did/didn’t + base form rule that wipes out -ed in negatives and questions (Did she play tennis?, not Did she played?).

    This worksheet builds A2 control of the Past Simple with regular verbs. Students drill the spelling rules in isolation, then apply them inside connected text and in question forms.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with all five spelling rules, the three -ed pronunciations, and the did/didn’t rule
    • Spell-the-past-simple drill: 12 regular verbs covering all five spelling patterns
    • Gap-fill in connected text: use regular verbs to complete a short past-time narrative
    • Pronunciation sort: group verbs by /t/, /d/, /ɪd/ — say each one aloud
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes with the pronunciation drill and timing breakdown

    Common mistakes addressed: missing consonant doubling (stoped), wrong y → i rule application (plaied, studyed), keeping -ed in negatives and questions (didn’t worked, Did she played?).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A2, in pre-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Past Simple accuracy with regular verbs is a direct target of Cambridge A2 Key (KET) in both Writing (short past-time narratives) and Reading (spotting tense errors). Part of the Past Tenses collection — the natural next step is Past Simple: Irregular Verbs, which adds the 22 most common irregular forms.

  • Past Simple: Irregular Verbs (PDF)

    Past Simple: Irregular Verbs (PDF)

    English has dozens of irregular past forms that simply have to be memorised: go → went, have → had, see → saw, do → did, come → came, drink → drank, eat → ate, give → gave, find → found, get → got, take → took. There’s no spelling rule that predicts them — but the did/didn’t + base form rule still applies in negatives and questions (I didn’t go, not didn’t went; Did you see the film?, not Did you saw?). A small but useful sub-group keeps the same form across tenses: put → put, cut → cut, let → let, cost → cost, read → read (pronounced /red/ in the past).

    This worksheet drills the 22 most common A2 irregular verbs in isolation, in connected narrative, and in personalised production.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with the most common irregular verbs and the same-form sub-group (put, cut, let, cost, hit, read)
    • Fill-in-the-past-simple table: 22 base forms paired with their past simple — the A2 high-frequency core list
    • Gap-fill in a birthday story: complete the narrative with the past simple form of irregular verbs from the table
    • Personalised production: write four sentences about a special day in your past using four different irregular verbs
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes with memorisation strategies and a pair-work storytelling extension

    Common mistakes addressed: mixing the past form with did (Did you went?), regularising irregulars (goed, taked, eated), and confusion of read/read (same spelling, different pronunciation).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A2, in pre-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Mastery of high-frequency irregular verbs is essential for Cambridge A2 Key (KET) and B1 Preliminary (PET) Writing, where past-time storytelling is a recurring task. Part of the Past Tenses collection — the natural next step is Past Simple vs Past Continuous, which combines irregular verbs with the background-action tense for full storytelling at B1.

  • Past Simple vs Past Continuous (PDF)

    Past Simple vs Past Continuous (PDF)

    Two past tenses do the heavy lifting of English storytelling: the Past Simple for completed events (I watched a film, She called me at 8 p.m.) and the Past Continuous for action in progress at a past moment (I was watching a film, She was working at 8 p.m.). The classic combination — I was reading a book when the phone rang — uses both: the continuous for the longer background action, the simple for the shorter interrupting one. The rule that anchors the choice: while normally pairs with the continuous; when normally introduces the simple.

    This worksheet builds B1 storytelling fluency by combining the two past tenses in narrative contexts. Students choose between simple and continuous based on event sequence, identify when/while triggers, and produce their own short stories.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box contrasting completed events (simple) with background action (continuous), plus the when/while rule
    • Gap-fill in a short story: choose between Past Simple and Past Continuous to complete a narrative
    • Sentence combining: turn two simple sentences into one using when or while
    • Personalised production: write four sentences describing a memorable moment when something was happening and something else interrupted
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the most common B1 narrative-tense errors

    Common mistakes addressed: using the continuous for completed events (I was finishing my homework at 8 p.m. where the event finished at 8), wrong while/when pairings, and missing was/were in the continuous (I reading when she called).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B1, in intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. The simple/continuous contrast is heavily tested in Cambridge B1 Preliminary (PET) Writing — particularly the story task, where the two tenses must alternate naturally. Part of the Past Tenses collection — the natural next step is Past Simple: Irregular Verbs, which strengthens the high-frequency verb base that storytelling depends on.

  • Present Perfect: Life Experiences (PDF)

    Present Perfect: Life Experiences (PDF)

    The Present Perfect is the tense English uses for “things that have or haven’t happened in your life so far” — I have visited Paris, She has been to Japan, They haven’t seen that film. The signal words for this experiential use are five small but high-frequency markers: ever (Have you ever been to India?), never (I have never tried oysters), before (I’ve seen this film before), already (I’ve already seen it), and yet (Have you finished yet?). And the most important word-pair trap: been (experience, came back) versus gone (still there now).

    This worksheet builds B1 fluency with the Present Perfect for life experiences. Students drill form (have/has + past participle), use the five signal words correctly, and master the been vs gone distinction in personalised production.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form, the five signal words, and the been/gone rule
    • Gap-fill: complete sentences with the present perfect form, with focus on ever, never, already, yet
    • Have you ever…? questionnaire: ask and answer about life experiences using the present perfect
    • Been or gone? discrimination items in workplace and travel contexts
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the position of ever, never, already (between auxiliary and past participle)

    Common mistakes addressed: wrong past participle form (I have went instead of I have been), gone used where been is needed (I’ve gone to Paris three times), and yet placed in wrong position (~~Have you yet finished?~~).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B1, in intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Direct preparation for Cambridge B1 Preliminary (PET), where Have you ever…? questions and “describe an experience” prompts are central to Speaking and Writing. Part of the Perfect Tenses collection — the natural next step is Present Perfect vs Past Simple, which resolves the most important time-reference decision at B1.

  • Present Perfect vs Past Simple (PDF)

    Present Perfect vs Past Simple (PDF)

    The single most important distinction between the Present Perfect and the Past Simple is time reference. If a specific past time is mentioned (in 2019, yesterday, last week, at 6 p.m.), English requires the Past Simple — I went to Paris in 2019, not ~~I have been to Paris in 2019~~. If the time is unspecified or still connected to now (ever, never, just, for, since), English uses the Present Perfect — She has lived here for ten years (still does) vs She lived here for ten years (not anymore). The quick test: is there a specific past time in the sentence? → Past Simple. Is the time unknown or connected to now? → Present Perfect.

    This worksheet drills the B1 critical distinction through time-marker analysis, rewriting, and sorting tasks.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with the two tenses side by side, the specific-time rule, and the marker lists (for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet vs yesterday, last week, ago, in 2010)
    • Multiple-choice gap-fill: pick the tense based on the time marker in each sentence
    • Rewriting tasks: change the tense by changing the time marker (I have visited Paris → I visited Paris in 2019)
    • Sorting: classify a list of time expressions by which tense they trigger
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the for / since distinction and how to handle ambiguous sentences

    Common mistakes addressed: Present Perfect with specific past time (I have seen him yesterday), Past Simple in unspecified-time contexts (I saw him three times meaning “in my life”), and for/since mix-ups (I work here since 2010).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B1, in intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. The most heavily tested tense distinction in Cambridge B1 Preliminary (PET) and B2 First (FCE) Reading-Use of English. Part of the Perfect Tenses collection — the natural next step is Present Perfect Continuous, which adds the duration-vs-quantity contrast.

  • Present Perfect Continuous (PDF)

    Present Perfect Continuous (PDF)

    The Present Perfect Continuous (have/has + been + verb-ing) expresses an action that started in the past and is still continuing — or has just stopped with visible results. I have been working here for five years emphasises duration; She’s tired — she’s been running explains a present result. The critical contrast with the Present Perfect Simple is one of focus: continuous emphasises duration and activity (I have been writing emails all morning); simple emphasises completion and quantity (I have written seven emails). And as ever, state verbs (know, like, want, need, believe, understand, own, mean) don’t take the continuous form.

    This worksheet drills the B1–B2 distinction between Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect Simple, with focus on for/since and the duration/quantity contrast.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form, both main uses (ongoing action; recent action with results), and the duration/quantity contrast
    • Gap-fill (8 items): complete each sentence with the present perfect continuous, including not and question forms
    • How long…? personalised production: answer questions about your own life using for or since
    • Continuous or simple? multiple-choice items forcing the duration-vs-quantity decision
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on state verbs and the recent-stopped-with-results use

    Common mistakes addressed: continuous form with state verbs (I have been knowing him for years), for/since mix-ups (for last year), and using the continuous where quantity is the focus (I have been writing five emails instead of I have written five emails).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B1–B2, in intermediate and upper-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. The duration/quantity contrast is a recurring target in Cambridge B2 First (FCE) Reading-Use of English. Part of the Perfect Tenses collection — the natural next step is Past Perfect Continuous, which extends the same logic into past-time narrative.

  • Past Perfect Continuous (PDF)

    Past Perfect Continuous (PDF)

    The Past Perfect Continuous (had + been + verb-ing) emphasises the duration of an action in progress before another past moment. She had been working on the proposal for three weeks when the client cancelled — three weeks of activity, ending at a specific past trigger. The contrast with the Past Perfect Simple is the same lens shift as in the present: simple emphasises completion (He had written the report); continuous emphasises duration (He had been writing the report all evening). State verbs (know, want, believe, own, seem, love) stay in the simple form, even in narrative.

    This worksheet builds B2 narrative-tense fluency with the Past Perfect Continuous in extended workplace-and-life narrative contexts.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form, the duration-before-past-moment timeline, and contrast with the Past Perfect Simple
    • Gap-fill in two narrative texts (“The Resignation”, “The Acquisition”) — choose between past perfect simple and continuous
    • Sentence transformation: combine two events into one sentence using the past perfect continuous for the longer background
    • Error correction: spot wrong continuous form with state verbs and missing been
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on state-verb exceptions and timing for B2 narrative practice

    Common mistakes addressed: continuous with state verbs (They had been knowing each other), wrong past participle (had been live), missing been (had working), and using the simple where duration is the focus (we waited for an hour instead of we had been waiting for an hour).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B2, in upper-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. The Past Perfect Continuous is a recurring marker in Cambridge B2 First (FCE) Writing — particularly the narrative and review tasks. Part of the Perfect Tenses collection — the natural next step is Narrative Tenses Mixed Practice, which combines all four past forms in a single storyline.

  • Future Simple (PDF)

    Future Simple (PDF)

    Will is the English future for predictions and on-the-spot decisions. I think prices will rise next year is a prediction based on opinion; “The printer is broken.” “I’ll fix it.” is a decision made at the moment of speaking. The form is invariant — will + base form across all subjects (I will, he will, they will) — but the choice between will and be going to hinges on meaning: will for opinion and spontaneous decisions, be going to for plans already decided and predictions based on visible evidence (Look at those clouds — it’s going to rain).

    This worksheet builds A2 fluency with will in its two main uses: predictions based on opinion, and decisions made on the spot.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form (will, won’t, Will…?) and the two main uses
    • Gap-fill: predict outcomes using will in workplace and everyday contexts
    • Multiple-choice: distinguish will (opinion / decision) from be going to (plan / evidence)
    • Personalised production: write five predictions about the next ten years using will
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the will / be going to boundary

    Common mistakes addressed: will with already-decided plans (I will visit my parents next weekend where a plan exists), missing to in be going to (I’m going visit), and adding will in the if-clause of first conditionals (If she will come, we’ll be happy).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A2, in pre-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Will for prediction is a core target of Cambridge A2 Key (KET) Writing and Speaking. Part of the Future Tenses collection — the natural sibling is Be Going To: Plans and Intentions, which covers the contrasting use for plans and evidence-based predictions.

  • Be Going To: Plans and Intentions (PDF)

    Be Going To: Plans and Intentions (PDF)

    Be going to is the English future for two clearly defined situations: plans and intentions already decided before the moment of speaking (I’m going to apply for the promotion next month) and predictions based on visible evidence (Look at that queue — this is going to take forever). The contrast with will is built into the meaning: be going to for what’s already decided or visibly likely; will for what’s just decided or based on opinion (“He hasn’t replied.” “I’ll call him.”).

    This worksheet drills A2 use of be going to for plans and evidence-based predictions, with explicit contrast against will.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form (am/is/are going to + base form) and both uses (plans; evidence-based predictions)
    • Gap-fill: complete sentences with be going to in contexts of decided plans and visible evidence
    • Will or going to? multiple-choice items forcing the meaning-based decision
    • Personalised production: write five things you are going to do next month, with reasons
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the plan-vs-decision and evidence-vs-opinion distinctions

    Common mistakes addressed: will with decided plans (I will move house next week, when the move is already arranged), missing to (I’m going call him), and using the simple present where the future is needed (I move house next week in writing).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A2, in pre-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Be going to for plans is tested directly in Cambridge A2 Key (KET) and B1 Preliminary (PET) Writing — particularly in informal-email tasks where the writer announces plans. Part of the Future Tenses collection — the natural sibling is Future Simple (will): Predictions, which covers the contrasting opinion-based use.

  • Future Continuous (PDF)

    Future Continuous (PDF)

    The Future Continuous (will be + verb-ing) expresses an action in progress at a specific future moment: At 9 a.m., I will be presenting, Don’t call at 3 p.m. — she’ll be working. Beyond that core use, it carries two further functions: planned or expected action in a future routine (I’ll be working from home on Friday as usual), and polite enquiry (Will you be using the meeting room?), which sounds less direct and more professional than Are you going to use…? The contrast with the Future Simple is the same in-progress / decision split that runs through the rest of the English tense system.

    This worksheet builds B2 fluency with the Future Continuous in workplace, business-email, and indirect-enquiry contexts.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form (will be -ing, won’t be -ing, Will…be -ing?) and the three main uses
    • Sentence completion: extend prompts (At this time next week, I…) using the future continuous
    • Office-arrangements email gap-fill: complete a workplace email with multiple future continuous verbs
    • Rewriting: convert will + base form into future continuous where appropriate
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the polite-enquiry register and state-verb exceptions

    Common mistakes addressed: continuous with state verbs (I will be knowing the answer), missing be (I will working), and confusion between Future Continuous (in progress at a future moment) and Future Perfect (completed by a future moment).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B2, in upper-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. The Future Continuous appears regularly in Cambridge B2 First (FCE) Writing — particularly in workplace emails and reports where polite indirect enquiries are expected. Part of the Future Tenses collection — the natural sibling is Future Perfect, which covers the action-completed-by-a-future-moment counterpart.

  • Future Perfect (PDF)

    Future Perfect (PDF)

    The Future Perfect (will have + past participle) expresses an action completed before a specific future moment. By Friday, I will have finished the report sets a deadline; By 2030, AI will have changed every industry projects forward and looks back. The key time expressions are by, by the time, before, in [time period] — and the contrast with the Future Continuous is the same simple/continuous shift as elsewhere: At 3 p.m., she’ll be writing the report (in progress) vs By 5 p.m., she’ll have finished the report (completed).

    This worksheet builds B2 fluency with the Future Perfect through deadline-driven scenarios, prediction tasks, and contrast with the Future Continuous.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form, the timeline (action completed → future deadline), and key time expressions
    • Gap-fill (10 items): complete sentences with the future perfect form, including negative and question forms
    • By 2030… production: write five future-perfect predictions about technology, work, environment, education, or your own life
    • Error correction: missing past participle (will finish), missing have (will been), and wrong word form (will have complete)
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the by / by the time distinction

    Common mistakes addressed: dropping have (will been finished), using base form instead of past participle (will have complete), and confusing Future Perfect with Future Continuous (by 5 p.m., she’ll be finishing where completion is the meaning).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B2, in upper-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. A B2 marker tense in Cambridge B2 First (FCE) Writing — particularly in reports and articles that project forward to a deadline. Part of the Future Tenses collection — the natural sibling is Future Continuous, which provides the in-progress counterpart to the deadline-driven Future Perfect.

  • Zero Conditional: Facts and General Truths (PDF)

    Zero Conditional: Facts and General Truths (PDF)

    The Zero Conditional describes things that are always true: facts, scientific truths, automatic results. If you heat water to 100°C, it boils, When employees feel valued, they work harder, If you press that button, the machine stops. Both clauses use the present simple — never will or any future form — and if and when are interchangeable. The pattern is the simplest of the conditional family, and it builds the form-and-meaning foundation that the other three conditionals will then complicate.

    This worksheet drills A2 use of the Zero Conditional through cause-and-effect statements in everyday and workplace contexts.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form (If/When + present simple, present simple) and the interchangeability of if and when
    • Sentence matching: pair eight if/when clauses with logical result clauses, then write the full sentences
    • Gap-fill: complete sentences with the present simple form in both clauses
    • Personalised production: write five zero conditionals based on your own experience
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the no-will rule and the if/when interchangeability

    Common mistakes addressed: will in either clause (If you heat water, it will boil), missing third-person -s in the result clause (If a manager doesn’t listen, the team feel), and using would instead of present simple under L1 transfer.

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A2, in pre-intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. Direct preparation for Cambridge A2 Key (KET) and B1 Preliminary (PET) Writing, where general-truth statements and “what happens when…” prompts appear regularly. Part of the Conditionals & Wishes collection — the natural next step is First Conditional: Real Possibilities, which moves from general truths into real future scenarios.

  • First Conditional: Real Possibilities (PDF)

    First Conditional: Real Possibilities (PDF)

    The First Conditional describes situations that are real, possible, or likely in the future. If she applies for the job, she will get an interview, If we don’t leave now, we won’t make the meeting. The form is If + present simple, will + base form — and unless (= if not) is a high-frequency alternative for the if-clause (Unless you confirm by Monday, we will give the place to someone else). For less certain outcomes, might, may, and could replace will: If it rains, we might move the event indoors.

    This worksheet builds A2–B1 control of the First Conditional with focus on the unless alternative and the use of might/may/could for less certain outcomes.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form, unless as the if not alternative, and might/may/could for less certain outcomes
    • Gap-fill (10 items): two-verb completion with the correct conditional form in both clauses
    • Unless rewriting: convert if + not sentences into unless equivalents
    • Personalised production: complete five conditional starters with your own future plans and possibilities
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the unless register and the no-will-in-if-clause rule

    Common mistakes addressed: will in the if-clause (If she will apply, she will get the job), missing not with unless (Unless you don’t confirm…), and missing third-person -s in the if-clause (If she apply).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR A2–B1, in pre-intermediate and intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. The First Conditional is heavily tested in Cambridge B1 Preliminary (PET) Writing and Speaking, where real-future hypotheticals appear in informal emails and the discussion part. Part of the Conditionals & Wishes collection — the natural next step is Second Conditional: Hypothetical Situations, which moves into imaginary present and future.

  • Second Conditional: Hypothetical Situations (PDF)

    Second Conditional: Hypothetical Situations (PDF)

    The Second Conditional expresses situations that are hypothetical, unlikely, or imaginary — not true now or unlikely in the future. If I were the CEO, I would change the company culture completely, She would earn more if she worked in the private sector. The form (If + past simple, would + base form) uses the past simple in the if-clause, but the meaning is present or future — the past tense signals hypothetical, not past time. Formal English uses were (not was) for all subjects (If I were you, I’d ask for a meeting), and could / might replace would for ability or possibility (If I had more time, I could take on more projects).

    This worksheet builds B1 fluency with the Second Conditional for hypothetical workplace and life situations.

    What’s inside:

    • Grammar Box with form, the meaning shift (past form = hypothetical present/future), the were/was rule, and could/might alternatives
    • Gap-fill: complete two-clause hypothetical sentences with the correct verb form in each clause
    • Sentence completion: extend If I were… prompts with personalised hypothetical advice
    • Rewriting: turn real situations into hypothetical versions using the Second Conditional
    • Full Answer Key plus Teacher Notes on the If I were you fixed expression

    Common mistakes addressed: would in the if-clause (If I would have time, I would help), missing to (If I had time, I would to help), and was instead of were in formal expressions (If I was you).

    For: Adult and teenage learners (14+) at CEFR B1, in intermediate classes, 1:1 lessons, or self-study. A direct preparation step for Cambridge B1 Preliminary (PET) and B2 First (FCE) — both exams test the Second Conditional in Reading-Use of English transformations and in advice-giving Writing tasks. Part of the Conditionals & Wishes collection — the natural next step is Third Conditional: Past Regrets, which extends the same hypothetical logic into past-time reflection.